DNA and RNA structure
What is the monomer or basic building block of DNA?
A nucleotide
Transcription uses enzymes to create __ from DNA.
Adenine and thymine have how many hydrogen bond(s)?
Which method separates fragments of DNA to determine their molecular size?
Gel electrophoresis
Which type of organism performs both transcription and translation at the same time?
Bacteria/Prokaryotic organisms
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Nitrogen base, phosphate, sugar
The sequence of nucleotides on mRNA is read in triplets called __.
Codons
Which organelle is used in translation?
A ribosome
Selectively engineering and picking genes to produce desirable traits for future generations is referred to as
The lagging strands being synthesized in the 3’ to 5’ direction are also known as __.
Okazaki fragments
Adenine and guanine have how many rings in their base structure?
Two
DNA is synthesized in a __ direction.
5' to 3'
Translation occurs in the __ of the cell.
Ribosomes
A "culture" from a petri-dish refers to a __.
Colony of bacteria
__ protect the organism’s genetic material/genes from being eroded from successful rounds of DNA replication.
Telomeres
What sugar is found in RNA backbone?
Ribose
What are the base pairing rules in DNA?
Adenine pairs with Thymine, Guanine pairs with Cytosine
mRNA must bind to __ to start translation.
rRNA
Conjugation, transformation, and transduction in bacteria all result in __.
Higher genetic variation
How does bacteria replicate?
Binary fission
Retroviruses are particularly difficult to treat because they possess a special enzyme that allows an alternative flow of information: RNA --> DNA.
Reverse transcriptase
What can the DNA strand that is being "coded" into RNA be called.
Antisense strand
__ pries the 2 strands of DNA apart and joins together RNA nucleotides to form and elongate an RNA polynucleotide.
RNA polymerase
What are small, circular, double-stranded pieces of DNA called?
Plasmids
Another word for the DNA strand that is being "coded" into RNA is __.
Antisense strand