Evolution #1
Evolution #2
Ecology #1
Ecology #2
Miscellaneous
100
Which statement BEST describes how mutations are related to evolution?
A. There is not a strong relationship
B. Natural selection causes evolution, which causes more mutations to appear in the DNA of the species
C. Mutations are changes in DNA that produce weaker organisms that die, so these are eliminated by evolution
D. Mutations lead to new genes, which may have an advantage over the old forms, causing the new species to evolve.
D. Mutations lead to new genes, which may have an advantage over the old forms, causing the new species to evolve.
100
Darwin hypothesized that there are definite steps to natural selection. Consider the model of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Use the Roman numerals (I - III) to guide you through the steps to describe how Darwin would explain antibiotic resistance.
A. There is a change in the environment: an antibiotic is added. Some of the bacteria adapt to the new environment. The survive and reproduce.
B. In any population, variation exists. Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. Most bacteria die, but the bacteria that are resistant survive and reproduce.
C. In a population of bacteria that exposed to antibiotics, some bacteria are able to change their genetic make-up and survive. The new genotype is passed on to offspring.
B. In any population, variation exists. Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. Most bacteria die, but the bacteria that are resistant survive and reproduce.
100
Based on the food web shown, which organisms would have the greatest biomass in the ecosystem?
A. Grasses, trees, and shrubs because they are the primary producers
B. Grasshoppers and mice because they are primary consumers
C. Giraffes and rhinos because they are the largest organisms
D. Lions and falcons because they are the apex predators
A. Grasses, trees, and shrubs because they are the primary producers
100
After an initial period of exponential growth, a population will encounter one or more limiting factors that will cause the exponential growth to stop. Which limiting factor below would be classified as density dependent?
A. Wild Fires C. Volcano
B. Climatic Change D. Available Space
D. Available Space
100
This is a genetic mutation caused by the replacement of a single base nucleotide with another nucleotide.
A. Frameshift C. Inversion
B. Deletion D. Point
D. Point Mutation
200
The idea that species evolve at a slow constant rate is called...
A. Gradualism C. Adaptive Radiation
B. Convergence D. Punctuated Equilibrium
A. Gradualism
200
Which organisms DNA will differ from the chimpanzee the MOST?
A. The salmon C. The hamster
B. The lizard D. The salamander
A. The salmon
200
The wolves and moose of Isle Royale are the focus of the longest-running study of a predator-prey system in the wild. Both are recent arrivals to Isle Royale. At one point, the moose population collapsed during the most severe winter on record followed by an outbreak of moose ticks. What point on the graph represents the outbreak of moose ticks and a drastic decline in the moose population?
Point C
200
According to the food web shown, the bald eagle would be considered what type of consumer?
A. the bald eagle is a producer
B. the bald eagle is an apex predator
C. the bald eagle is a primary consumer
D. the bald eagle is a secondary consumer
B. the bald eagle is an apex predator
200
In humans, curly hair is dominant over straight hair. Which cross below has the correct probabilities listed?
A. woman heterozygous for hair curl, a man heterozygous for hair curl will probably produce 25% straight hair, 75% curly hair
B. woman heterozygous for hair curl, a man homozygous recessive for hair curl will produce 75% straight hair, 25% curly hair
A. woman heterozygous for hair curl, a man heterozygous for hair curl will probably produce 25% straight hair, 75% curly hair
300
A population of large cats live in a mountainous region. A small portion of the population becomes separated and isolated from the main group for thousands of years. The two populations are now identified as different species. Which statement BEST describes this relationship?
A. Differentiation occurred as the cats were separated
B. The two species have adapted after years of competition
C. Speciation occurred as the cats were separated
D. The two species merged into a common ancestor
C. Speciation occurred as the cats were separated
300
What do all of the species in this cladogram have in common?
A. they are all in the clade archaea
B. none of them will ever evolve anymore
C. they all have a common line of ancestry
D. each of them has opposable thumbs and fur
C. they all have a common line of ancestry
300
Assuming there is 100% availability of energy for the primary producers for each chain, which statement describes the energy availability at other levels of the food chain?
A. The energy availability decreases as you move up the food chains, with the top predators having the least available energy.
B. The energy availability increases are you move up both food chains, with the top predators having the most available energy.
C. The energy availability increases as you move up the terrestrial food chain but decreases as you move up the marine food chain.
A. The energy availability decreases as you move up the food chains, with the top predators having the least available energy.
300
What explains why populations fluctuate around the carrying capacity?
A. Immigration exceeds emigration, creating an increase in population size.
B. Birth rates equal death rates as limiting factors affect population sizes.
C. Density independent factors play a greater role than density dependent factors.
D. Mutualistic relationships exceed parasitic relationships, increasing population sizes.
B. Birth rates equal death rates as limiting factors affect population sizes.
300
The child of a short mother with black hair and a tall father with red hair is tall with black hair. This occurred because...
A. parents provided some of the chromosomes
B. parents and the child have identical nuclei
C. child inherited chromosomes from both parents
D. child inherited more chromosomes from the father
C. child inherited chromosomes from both parents
400
A common ancestor is evident when comparing __________________ of different species in the phylum Chordata, especially in the early stages.
A. Embryos C. Motility
B. Fossils D. Protein Structure
A. Embryos
400
Which two organisms would be the least related?
A. hamster and salmon
B. lizard and salamander
C. chimpanzee and salmon
D. chimpanzee and hamster
C. chimpanzee and salmon
400
After an initial period of exponential growth, a population will encounter one or more limiting factors that will cause the exponential growth to stop. Which limiting factor below would be classified as density independent?
A. Wild Fires C. Number of Predators
B. Disease D. Available Space
A. Wild Fires
400
Humans shift carbon to the atmosphere in many ways. And because of the law of conservation of matter, there it stays as the primary greenhouse gas. By extracting fossil fuels, we remove carbon from storage in the lithosphere. By burning those fossil fuels, we move carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Which of these human activities does NOT increase the amount of atmospheric carbon?
A. Deforestation C. Industrial Manufacturing
B. Planting Crops D. Transportation
B. Planting Crops
400
Which is a characteristic of GMO farming?
A. crops never need pesticide or fertilizer applications
B. it's DNA has changed using technology
C. foods are not as healthful and safe to eat
D. require much less hands-on labor than others
B. it's DNA has changed using technology
500
A change in a sequence of DNA bases in a bacterial cell has resulted in a mutation. This mutation has increased the ability of the bacteria to break down and digest organic molecules in the environment. Bacteria with this mutation are better able to find and utilize food sources. Based on the theory of natural selection, select the change that is most likely to occur in future generations of this bacteria.
A. A new species will be formed because the mutation has changed the DNA of the bacteria.
B. The mutation will become rarer with every passing generation because the mutation is abnormal.
C. The relative frequency of the mutation will increase as time passes.
D. Bacteria with the mutation will increase in number until the food supply is exhausted, causing the bacteria to become extinct.
C. The relative frequency of the mutation will increase as time passes.
500
The use of GMO crops can reduce agricultural costs to farmers and provide greater crop-yields, possibly helping with issues of food shortages. Although this sounds great, there is still a lot of controversy around the use of GMOs. Which of these is a valid argument on why we should not use GMOs in our food?
A. GMOs do not have any nutritional value
B. GMO crops are always more expensive to buy
C. GMO crops are invasive and take over the habitat of local crops
D. there is not enough research on long-term effects of eating GMOs
D. there is not enough research on long-term effects of eating GMOs
500
Ecosystem stability can be a factor of species diversity within a community. Which letter above would indicate the stage of success in an ecosystem that represents the greatest potential for stability and resilience?
Letter C, because the emergence of a mature forest will resist changes to the ecosystem with the greatest success.
500
Which student's graph accurately represents the predator-prey relationship?
June's graph
500
Each gamete produced has a different combination of genes from the organism. What causes these different combinations?
A. DNA replication prior to mitosis
B. Chromosomal replication during mitosis
C. DNA transcription and translation
D. Independent assortment during Meiosis
D. Independent assortment during Meiosis