Intro to Bio Unit
Does something have to have all the characteristics of life to be considered alive?
In passive transport molecules move from _______ to _________ concentrations.
high to low concentrations
What is the goal of the following:
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation
Photosynthesis - make glucose
Cellular Respiration - make ATP
Fermentation - make ATP when no oxygen is available
Replicate the following strand of DNA
ATT-GCA-TGA-GCC
TAA-CGT-ACT-CGG
What does it mean that water is polar?
It has slight charges (H2O Hydrogen slightly negative and Oxygen slightly positive)
Which cell organelle breaks down old cell parts and waste?
Lysosomes
When would your body switch to doing fermentation?
Short bursts of exercise such as sprinting or weight lifting (no oxygen readily available)
Transcribe the following strand of DNA
ATT-TGC-AGC
UAA-ACG-UCG
What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion?
What are the 2 things that eukaryotes have and prokaryotes do not.
2. Membrane-bound organelles
What happens to 90% of energy that does not go to the next trophic level on an energy pyramid?
It's lost as heat energy
Describe 3 enzymes used in DNA replication and what they do.
Helicase - unzips the DNA
Polymerase - Adds new nucleotides
Ligase - Seals the new strand
You let your cousin travel to Canada without a jacket. They begin to shiver since its so cold. Their body is attempting to stay warm by doing this. What characteristic of live best describes shivering?
Regulation (Homeostasis)
What are the 3 parts of interphase in the cell cycle? What happens during interphase?
G1, S, G2. The cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for to divide.
What are the 2 steps of photosynthesis and where do they each happen?
1. Light dependent reaction - thylakoids
2. Light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) - stroma
Haploid cells have 1/2 the full set of chromosomes. Meiosis creates them.
What are the monomers for nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?
Nucleic acids - Nucleotides
Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides
Lipids - Fatty Acids
Proteins - Amino Acids
Describe the solute in a solution compared to the cell for isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic solutions. What happens to the cell in each of these?
Isotonic - same amount of solute in and out of cell (cell stays same size)
Hypotonic - low amount of solute outside of the cell (cell swells)
Hypertonic - high amount of solute outside of the cell (cell shrinks)
What are the 3 steps of cellular respiration? What is the most important thing that happens at each step?
2. Krebs Cycle - get electrons for the ETC
3. Electron Transport Chain - Make ATP!
How do we get genetic variation in offspring? (What 2 processes happen during meiosis?)
Crossing over - chromosomes trade pieces
Independent Assortment - chromosomes randomly line up in the middle.