Introduction to Genetics
What is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein?
Gene
What shape is a DNA molecule?
Double helix (like a twisted ladder)
What is the term for the differences in the DNA of individuals within a species?
Genetic Variation
What are different versions of a gene called?
Alleles
What are the three subunits that make up DNA?
Phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), nitrogenous base
Name one process that causes genetic variation.
Mutation or Sexual reproduction
What carries genetic instructions for the growth and development of an organism?
DNA
What is the name of the three subunits that make up DNA when joined together?
Nucleotide
This type of variation has a complete range of measurements from one extreme to another, such as height or weight.
Continuous variation
An organised structure of DNA found inside the nucleus of a cell.
Chromosome
Adenine (A) always pairs with which base?
Thymine (T)
Why is genetic variation important for species survival?
It increases the chances that some individuals will have traits that make them better suited to survive and reproduce in changing environments14
Give an example of a trait determined by genes.
Eye Colour
What is the name given to the pairing of A with T and C with G?
Complementary base pairing
Mutations are permanent changes in the base sequence of what?
DNA