Muscle
point of application is at the...
muscle attachment
The joint range of motion measured with goniometry
osteokinematics
Tendons and ligaments can generally tolerate approximately ______ strain without rupturing.
8%
The more complex a joint is the less _____ and more____ it is
Less stable, more mobile
What is "creep"
a sustained load overtime, gradually deformed, tension is high and lasts for long period of time = tissue becomes deformed (think of lumbar disk)
If a muscle is the effort force (EF), what type of contraction is that
concentric
high viscosity means high ____________ to deformation
resistance
what is yield point
point B on Stress - Strain Curve (deformation), tissue cannot come back to regular length
what are arthrokinematics
changes in articular contact, described as roll, slide (glide) spin
if the concave joint segment is moving, rolling and gliding occur in the _____ direction
same
Taking up the slack on a tissue occurs in the...
toe region
what happens when cartilage has increased load/undergoes compression
increased proteoglycans (PG) synthesis (interfibrillar component of connective tissue made up of water and proteins), increased volume
define modulus of elasticity
the ratio of stress to strain
if the convex joint segment is moving, rolling an gliding occur in _________ directions
what is crimp
longitudinally aligned collagen fibrils arranged in bundles with an undulating pattern that make up tendons
A large force that causes an increase in the length of a ligament suggests that the load-deformation curve reached the _______ region
plastic
what fiber types make up tendons
mainly type I and III collagen
what fiber types are ligaments made of
mainly type 1 collagen fiber and elastin connecting bone to bone
briefly describe the covex/concave rule
If the covex joint segement is moving, rolling and gliding will occur in opposite directions. If concave joint segment is moving, rolling and gliding will occur in same direction
what is ultimate failure point
point C on Stress - Strain Curve (deformation) point of ligament or muscle tear
hinge and pivot joints are __axial, condyloid and saddle joints are ____axial, plane and ball-and-socket joints are___axial
Osteokinematics vs arthrokinematics
Osteokinematics - rotary movement of bony levers, described in plane, axis, and direction
arthrokinematics - changes in articular contact, described as roll, slide (glide) spin
In a knee joint capsule, there is a ______ outer layer and a ____inner layer
fibrous, synovial
what fiber type is cartilage made up of
more type II collagen than elastin
Briefly describe spin, slide, and roll as they relate to intra-articular motion
spin: a rotary movement, one body spinning on another - point around fixed rotation of axis
slide: a translatory movement, sliding of one joint surface over another
roll: a rotary movement, one bone rolling on another