Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
100

This type of receptor responds to stimuli from sources and external from body ( the 5 senses) 

exteroreceptors

100

This type of neuron is situated within CNS, is the middle man between cns and periphery

interneurons

100

if max tension happens

all motor units have been recruited 

100

explain what happens in action potentials when ap is recieved

ap recieved by muscle fiber before 1st twitch response has subsided, tension developed in 2ns twitch sums w/tension of 1st twitch 

100
what is Pacinian receptors

receptors in deep layws of skin, tendons, etc. that detect touch virbration, change in pressure, change in joint positon

200

This type of receptors responds to stimuli from sources within the body- deep in body muscle, body detecting tension, muscle cramp

interorecptors

200

explain the pathway through types of neurons and CNS

Sensory neuron to interneuron to cns to interneuron to motorneuron

200

the larger number of muscle fibers leads to 

less control of muscle 
200

explain tetanic contraction

if time between ap is short it occurs, max tension is developed 

200

explain what happens in flexion withdrawal reflex

cutaneous pain receptors detect pain and Pacinian corpuscles detect change in pressure at each end of limb, facilitates flexion of affected limb to protect body 

300

this type of receptor monitors status and position of joints telling us overall position and posture, falling off a chair

proprioceptors

300

please explain the pathway of impulse for a muscle contraction

1. neural impulse from cns

2. single travels through- if impulse that arrives at neuromuscular junction is strong enough (ACH threshold meet)

3. generates muscle action potential at membrane (sarcolemma) of individual muscle fiber of motor unit

4. all muscle fibers of motor unit contract together, if impulse arrives at neuromuscular juntcion is not strong enough, then none of the fibers will contract

300

if the smaller # of muscle fibers leads to 

more control of muscle

300

this is the ability to sense orientation and position and movement of your body 

proprioception

300

explain what happens in crossed extensor reflex

combined effec ts of flexor reflex, reciprocal inhibition and extensor thrust,

if pain is detected at end of affected limb response is to.. 

flexor reflex of limb to withdrawl from cause of pain

reciporcal inhibition to extensor muscle of affected limb to relax

extensor reflex causes extension of other limb to support body 

400

this type of neuron  receives external and internal sensory from periphery and sends info to CNS

sensory (afferent)

400
what happens if a small force is needed

only a small number of units recruiyed, 1st motor unit are small, stimulation rate low, typically type 1 fibers

400

this is a single motor neuron and all muscle fiber innervate, <100 >20, ratio of muscle fibers to motor neurons is dependent on control one has over muscle contraction 

motor units

400

what are the 2 types of proprioception

kinesthetic: sense of movement and position of body parts in space

vestibular: provide sense of balance and equilibrium

400

explain muscle spindles and stretch reflex

proprioceptor detects stretch of muscle and relays changes in length, stretch reflex: helps us not injure ouselves, knee jerk response

500

this type of neuron conducts impulses from cns, sends to muscles, cell bodies located within spinal cord, terminal endings of axon and dendrites through extremities

motor (efferent)

500

what happens if large force is needed

more units recruited, large motor units, more type 2 fibers 

500

explain a single twitch response

if single ap generates single contraction in muscle 

500

what are the types of exterorecptor reflexs?

pacinian corpuscles, flexion withdrawal reflex, and crossed extensor reflex

500

this reflex is a propricoeptor located in tendon, close to muscle, that detects tension ( by stretching or shortening muscle

tendon reflex: protects/prevents rupturing or tearing of muscle

golgi tendon organ