Biomechanics
(general)
(general)
What is biomechanics?
study of motions experienced by living things
What are joints? The three types of joints?
Articulations between 2 or more bones, supported by other structures
Synthraoses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
Synovial joints*
What is the strongest muscle in the body?
the masseter(jaw)
Name some characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue and differentiate it from other types of muscle tissue.
They work with your bones, tendons and ligaments
what is posturography?
a specialized, non-invasive diagnostic technique used to objectively quantify a person's balance and postural control
what is a zoopraxiscope? What was the point of the invention?
motion capture device, to figure out if a horse takes flight when running
The planes of joint actions?
Sagittal
Frontal
Transverese
Oblique
What is an antagonist to the biceps brachii?
triceps brachii
The Trade - off between force and velocity occurs in which type of muscle contraction?
concentric
where is the bodies center of gravity?
"belly button"
What is the difference between Kinetics and Kinematics?
Kinematics: descriptions of the movements
Kinetics: causes of movement (forces/ torque)
What are the types of synovial joints?
Hinge, ball - socket, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and gliding
what does an eccentric movement look like?
a slow, controlled lengthening of a muscle under tension, usually working with gravity.
What is an example of a class 1 lever?
Visible Body +6
what doesnt change about mass but does about weight?
gravity
Difference between (qualitative/quantitative)?
Qualitative; observations about the quality
Good, bad, heavy, risky, groundbreaking, pathological
Quantitative; measurements to support observations(usually any number)
Speed, joint, angles, accuracy, distance
List 3 actions(each) that these joints can do: Glenohumeral, Radioulnar, and Acetabulofemoral
Glenohumeral: Flexion/Extension , abduction/ adduction, and internal/external rotation
Radioulnar: pronation/ supination, pivot(rotation)
Acetabulofemoral: Flexion/Extension , abduction/ adduction,internal/external rotation
the types of muscle contractions?
Concentric: sarcomere shortens
Isometric: sarcomere length is maintained
Eccentric: sarcomere lengthens
What is the mechanical advantage of the calf muscles versus the biceps brachii?
Calf raise is stronger at 1RM(class two lever) versus a biceps curl 1RM (class 3 lever)
Due to the legs have stronger sets of muscles(where the weight is compared to the joint)
Bicep curls (depending where the weight is) the farther the weight is away from said joint action the harder it is to move the load (on arms)
Explain where the base of support would be if you were holding 100lbs on your left side(maybe draw a picture)
shifts your combined center of mass (COM) to the left and slightly downward
study the movements of humans to improve life and prevent injury
What device do we use to measure joint angles?
Goniometer
what are the steps to muscle contractions?
Release Ca++ from SR
Bind to troponin and tropomyosin to uncover the crossbridge binding site on actin
Activated myosin head forms a crossbridge with actin
Myosin head pulls actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere
Sliding filament theory
Sarcomere shortens, not the filaments
Ca ++ actively transported back to SR, ceasing contraction
Describe how to get someone perform a high five using anatomical terms
Glenohumeral flexion and abduct at 90 degreees, extend radioulnar joint, supinate forearm, extension at condyloid
Is it harder to balance with eyes open or close? Why?
primary visual cues the brain uses to determine body position relative to the environment, forcing it to rely solely on the less-sensitive inner ear (vestibular system) and body awareness (proprioception)