Biomechanics of the Spine

C-Spine

100

These are the 2 common features of the C-spine that are different from the rest of the spine.

1. Bifid Spinous Process

2. Transverse Foramen

200

There is more of ____ and less of ____ in the C-spine due to the vertebral body and disc height ratio

More mobility and less stability

300

Fryette’s Law #1 for the C-spine states that:

1. ____ occurs at the O-A junction

2. ____ occurs at the A-A junction

3. ____ occurs at the C2-C7 junctions

1. Contralateral

2. Contralateral

3. Ipsilateral

400

Flexion of the C-spine causes:

O-A; Roll ____ and slide ____

C2-C7; Slide ____ andl ____

O-A: roll anterior and slide posterior

C2-C7: slide superiorly and anteriorly

500

Rotation of the C-spine causes these things to happen:

1. O-A junction: ____

2. A-A junction: ____

3. C2-C7 junctions: ____

O-A: Negligible

A-A: ipsilateral side slides posterior and contralateral side slides anterior

C2-C7: ipsilateral side slides posterior and contralateral side slides anterior

T-Spine

100

These numbers represent the Z-joint orientation of the T-spine in each of the following planes

- Transverse:____

- Frontal:____

60º in Transverse

20º in Frontal

200

Fryette’s Law #1 in the T-spine is this

Varied/Unknown

300

Fryette’s Law #2 in the T-spine is this

Flexion/Extension is ipsilateral

400

Sliding of the Z-joints in the T-spine are in this direction when your rotate to the left

Right: always opposite of the side you rotate to

500

Flexion and Extension of the T-spine are limited by these ligaments respectively

Flexion: PLL

Extension: ALL

Fryette’s Laws

100

There are this many laws in Fryette’s Laws

3

200

Fryette’s Law #1 states this

Side bending and rotation coupling are varied based on location

300

Fryette’s Law #2 States this

Coupling of rotation and side bending is to the same side in flexion and extension

400

Fryette’s Law #3 states this

More stretch takes away from other planes

500

This law is the when Segments/Z-joints are NOT engaged

Fryette’s Law #1

L-Spine

100

Z-joint orientation of the L-spine are this many degrees in the:

- Sagittal plane

- Coronal plane

Sagittal: 90º

Coronal: 45º

200

The Z-joints in the L-spine slide in this direction when put into flexion

Anteriorly

300

Z-joints in the L-spine slide in this direction when put in extension

Posteriorly

400

When rotation of the L-spine occurs, the Z-joint on the side you rotate to do this

Gaps

- Will gap to the side you turn to

- Will compress of the opposite side

500

Fryette’s laws in the L-spine are this:

- #1

- #2

#1: contralateral

#2: ipsilateral

Ribs

100

Ribs 1-5 move like this type of action

Pump handle

200

During flexion of the T-spine the ribs rotate in this direction

Ribs rotate anteriorly

300

During right rotation of the T-spine to the right, the right ribs move like this

Same side of rotation: anteromedial

Opposite side of rotation: posterior

400

During inhalation the ribs slide in this direction

Slide postero-lateral

500

During rotation of the T-spine to the right, the left ribs do this

Same side: posterolateral

Opposite side: anterior rotation