Joints and Motion
A place where the elements of skeleton come together.
What are joints?
This is the functional unit of a muscle fiber.
What is sarcomere?
The amount of blood ejected from the left side of the heart in one minute.
What is cardiac output?
Define muscle fatigue.
What is the inability of muscle to maintain its strength of contraction or tension; may be related to insufficient oxygen, depletion of glycogen, and/or lactic acid buildup
This feature in veins helps move blood back to the heart.
What are valves?
An instrument for measuring angles (as of a joint or skull)
What is a goniometer?
Interactions between these two filaments are responsible for muscle contraction.
What are myosin and actin?
The volume of blood pumped by a ventricle in one heart beat.
What is stroke volume?
An organic acid present in blood and muscle tissue as a product of the anaerobic metabolism of glucose and glycogen
Lactic acid
Peripheral artery disease can be diagnosed using this.
What is ABI?
A usually translucent somewhat elastic tissue that composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos and except for a small number of structures
What is Cartilage?
This type of muscle is dense, contains intercalated discs, and is striated.
What is skeletal muscle?
A condition in which veins become weak, and twisty. Valves do not seem to work and causes fluid accumulation.
What are varicose veins?
A highly branched polymer of glucose containing thousands of subunits; functions as a compact store of glucose molecules in liver and muscle fibers
Glycogen
Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of these.
An unbending movement around a joint in a limb (as the knee or elbow) that increases the angle between the bones of the limb at the joint
What is extension?
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a movable bone or the end opposite the origin.
What is insertion?
List the arteries that branch off of the aorta.
What is, the brachiocephalic, left subclavian, and carotid arteries?
A technique for temporarily improving athletic performance in which oxygen-carrying red blood cells previously withdrawn from an athlete are injected back just before an event
What is blood doping?
1) Arteries carry oxygenated blood, and veins carry deoxygenated blood, with these two exceptions. 2) What is a better characterization of arteries and veins than whether they are oxygenated?
What are pulmonary and umbilical veins? What are veins have valves and arteries do not, and arteries are a lot larger in size?
Ball-and-Socket, Pivot, Hinge are all examples of this category of joint.
What are synovial joints?
The hardening of the muscles and stiffening of the body that begins 3 to 4 hours after death. Explain why this occurs.
What is Rigor Mortis? It is created because the lack of oxygen to the cells results in lower levels of ATP in the body. ATP is needed for muscle cells to maintain their delicate balance calcium used for muscle contraction.
List the layers of a blood vessel.
What is the tunica adventitia, tunica media, and tunica intima?
This hormone stimulates red blood cell production.
What is Erythropoietin?
These are the three main systems that maintain a supply of ATP during exercise, depending on the duration and intensity of the activity.
What are the phosphagen system, glycogen/lactic acid system, and aerobic respiration?