Intro to Development
During this stage of embryogenesis, organs begin to form in the embryo.
What is organogenesis?
This is a small, hydrophobic signaling molecule.
This is the theory that explains how cells with the same genome are different.
What is the Differential Gene Expression Theory?
These are the three types of cell-surface receptors.
What are ion-channel coupled receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GCPRs), and enzyme-coupled receptors?
This is a DNA element that decides where transcription starts.
What is a promoter?
This is what a rapidly dividing cell is called during the cleavage stage.
What is a blastomere?
List two of the three types of short range signaling.
These two molecules are used during lateral inhibition to drive cell differentiation.
What are delta and notch?
This is responsible for the fast block of polyspermy.
What is a change in membrane potential?
This is a cluster of bacterial genes under the control of a single promotor.
What is an operon?
These are missing from the cell cycle during the cleavage phase of embryogenesis.
What are the G1 and G2 phases?
These are two long-range types of cell-cell signaling.
What are endocrine and synaptic signaling?
This is a signaling molecule with a concentration-dependent response.
What is a morphog?
This is a large class of enzyme-coupled receptors that often uses the small GTPase Ras.
What are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?
This is an element that impacts transcription despite being far away from the promotor.
What is an enhancer element?
This is what forms during neurulation, and eventually makes up the central nervous system.
What is the neural tube?
This is how signals on the cell surface are converted to a cellular response.
What is an intercellular signaling pathway?
This is the point at which a cell is irreversibly committed to a particular fate
What is differentiation?
These are two major targets of GPCRs.
What are adenyl cyclase and phospholipase C (PLC)?
What is Shh (sonic hedgehog)?
These are the three germ layers formed by the end of gastrulation.
What are the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?
These two signaling molecules determine which sides of the body are left and right.
What are lefty and nodal?
These are asymmetrically located molecules within a cell that drive cell differentiation.
What are cytoplasmic determinants?
These are two second messengers created by phospholipase C.
What are IP3 and DAG?
This is a metabolite of lactose that binds to and deactivates the lac operon repressor.
What is allolactose?