Carbohydrate
What elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)
What elements make up lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur (CHOPS)
What elements make up Nucleic Acids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur (CHONPS)
What elements make up proteins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur (CHONS)
A child suffering from kwashiorkor has a swollen abdomen and muscle wasting due to a deficiency of this biomolecule. What biomolecule is this?
Proteins
Are carbohydrates soluble in water? Why or why not?
Yes, because carbohydrates are POLAR
Are lipids soluble in water? Why or why not?
No, because lipids are nonpolar.
What do nucleic acids do?
Nucleic acids store genetic information and direct protein synthesis.
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
A person feels weak and dizzy after skipping meals because their body lacks this primary source of immediate energy. What biomolecule is this?
Carbohydrates
What are carbohydrates used for by the body?
It is the body's instant energy source.
Differentiate oils and fats.
Oils come from plants that are liquid at room temperature. Fats come from animals that are solid at room temperature
What are the two types of Nucleic Acids?
DNA and RNA
What is called the bond between amino acids?
Peptide bond
This biomolecule helps build and repair body tissues after injury or exercise.
Proteins
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
Differentiate Unsaturated and Saturated Fatty Acids.
Saturated FA contains only single bonds between carbon atoms and is solid at room temperature. Unsaturated FA contains double bonds between carbon atoms and is liquid at room temperature.
Give one difference between DNA and RNA.
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar (lacks one oxygen atom). RNA contains ribose sugar (has one extra oxygen atom). DNA is double-stranded, and RNA is single-stranded.
Are proteins present in the cell membrane?
Yes
These lipids form the structural basis of the cell membrane.
Phospholipids
Name the THREE types of carbohydrates.
Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, and Polysaccharide
What do LDL and HDL mean in cholesterol?
LDL means Low-Density Lipoprotein, and HDL means High-Density Lipoprotein
How many hydrogen bonds are in Adenine-Thymine and Cytosine-Guanine?
Adenine-Thymine has TWO and Cytosine-Guanine has THREE hydrogen bonds.
What do enzymes do?
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions and break down macromolecules.
Doctors check the level of this substance in your blood because high amounts can increase your risk of heart disease (a type of steroid).
Cholesterol