Enzymes
What is the energy that is needed for a reaction to occur?
Activation energy
What are biomolecules and the four types of molecules present in all living things?
A biomolecule is a molecule that is produced by living things. The four types of molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Why is homeostasis essential to living organisms?
Homeostasis is essential because it allows the tendency of a system to maintain relatively constant internal conditions
Describe what a monomer is
A monomer is a single molecule that can be combined with other molecules of the same type to form a more complex molecule.
What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer?
A monomer is a single molecule that can be combined with other molecules of the same type to create a more complex molecule, while a polymer is a large molecule formed by the bonding of smaller molecular units
What type of biomolecule is an enzyme considered as?
An enzyme is considered as a protein
What are nucleic acids responsible for, and what polymers do they make up?
Nucleic acids are responsible for carrying genetic code, and they create DNA and RNA
What two things alter the way an enzyme functions?
pH and temperature alter the way an enzyme functions by changing the shape of the enzyme through a process known as denaturation
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
A monosaccharide is the monomer of a crabohydrate
Which biomolecule forms rings?
Carbohydrates form ring-like structures
What is the purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
A catalyst lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction, which means that the reaction speeds up.
What does it mean when a molecule is organic?
It means that the molecule contains carbon.
How are proteins linked together?
Proteins are chained together by forming peptide bonds
What does the mitochondria in our cells use glucose for?
To create energy, otherwise known as adenosine triphosphate, or ATP
Name all of the nucleotides in a nitrogenous base
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
(ATCG)
What is the difference between an exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction?
An exothermic reaction requires a net output of heat, and an endothermic reaction requires a net input of heat
What are the similarities and differences between carbohydrates and lipids?
Carbohydrates and lipids both provide energy, but carbohydrates provide with short-term energy while lipids provide with long-term energy
Name at least two functions proteins serve
Proteins serve functions such as movement, structure, transport, hormone signaling, and acting as enzymes.
Proteins are made of amino acids. How many essential amino acids are there?
There are 20 essential amino acids
What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a carbohydrate?
1 : 2 : 1
Enzymes are able to catalyze chemical reactions. When a substrate interacts with an enzyme, fitting together at the active site, what is formed?
The enzyme-substrate complex
Name the monomers of all four biomolecules
Monosacchrides, fatty acid, amino acid, and nucleotide
What are phospholipids made of and what do they do?
Phospholipids are made of a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic lipid tail and they make up the cell membrane.
What are the three important parts of a nucelotide?
Each nucleotide has three parts: At least one phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base
Name the three different types of RNA and their purpose in forming proteins
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. mRNA copies a gene and takes it to a ribosome, rRNA makes the ribosome, and tRNA uses the mRNA code to bring matching building blocks over to the ribosome and build the protein.