Carbohydrates
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acid
What are the monomers of most lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
What type of biomolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
Provide energy
What type of bond links amino acids?
Peptide bond
Are saturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature?
Solid
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What do enzymes do to activation energy?
Lower it
Name one disaccharide and its monomers.
Sucrose: glucose + fructose
What level of protein structure involves alpha helices and beta sheets?
Secondary structure
What is the main function of phospholipids?
Form cell membranes
What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA?
A, U, C, G
What is the region on an enzyme where the substrate binds?
Active site
What process forms polysaccharides?
Dehydration synthesis
What determines the unique function of each protein?
Its 3D shape (tertiary structure)
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated = no double bonds; unsaturated = one or more double bonds
What kind of bond joins nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bond
What is it called when an enzyme loses its shape?
Denaturation
What polysaccharide is used for energy storage in animals?
Glycogen
What type of bond stabilizes tertiary structure?
Hydrogen, ionic, disulfide bridges, and hydrophobic interactions
What type of lipid is a hormone like estrogen?
Steroid
What process copies DNA to RNA?
Transcription
What environmental factors affect enzyme activity?
Temperature, pH, substrate concentration