Biomolecules
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major types of biomolecules?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Vitamins
D) Vitamins
Which characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way?
A. Enzymes are complex compounds composed of starch.
B. Each enzyme has a characteristic shape.
C. Enzymes are long, complex fats.
D. Each enzyme is made up of four subunits.
B. Each enzyme has a characteristic shape.
In living organisms, lipids function mainly as
A) sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information
B) sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
C) transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions
D) transporters of oxygen and defenses against bacteria
B) sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
Which biomolecule is correctly paired with an end product of its digestion?
A) nucleic acid - glycerol
B) carbohydrate - fatty acid
C) protein - amino acid
D) lipid - nucleotide
C) protein - amino acid
Which of the following best defines synthesis?
A) Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones
B) Making new materials from materials you already have
C) Transporting nutrients across a cell membrane
D) Releasing energy from glucose
B) Making new materials from materials you already have
Lipids are primarily composed of the elements.....
carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
Plants such as the Venus flytrap produce chemical compounds that break down insects into substances that are usable by the plant. The chemical compounds that break down the insects are most likely
A. fats
B. minerals
C. biological catalysts
D. complex carbohydrates
C. biological catalysts
Starch, glucose, sucrose, and fiber are all examples of:
A) Lipids (Fats)
B) Proteins
C) Carbohydrates
D) Nucleic Acids
C) Carbohydrates
The building blocks for carbohydrate molecules are:
A) amino acids
B) simple sugars
C) fatty acids
D) nucleotides
B) simple sugars
What best describes the roles of matter and energy in chemical reactions?
A) Energy and matter are both recycled endlessly
B) Matter flows and energy is recycled
C) Matter is recycled and energy flows
D) Both matter and energy disappear when used
C) Matter is recycled and energy flows
Why must large food molecules be broken down into smaller molecules before absorption?
A) Large molecules are toxic to cells
B) Large molecules take up too much space in the intestine
C) Only small molecules can pass through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
D) The bloodstream only recognizes small molecules
C) Only small molecules can pass through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological systems?
A) Enzymes are used up during chemical reactions.
B) Enzymes slow down reactions to prevent change.
C) Enzymes act as catalysts and speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed.
D) Enzymes function only at high temperatures.
C) Enzymes act as catalysts and speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed.
Enzymes, antibodies, hemoglobin, and collagen are all examples of:
A) Nucleic Acids
B) Lipids (Fats)
C) Carbohydrates
D) Proteins
D) Proteins
The building blocks for lipid molecules are:
A) amino acids
B) simple sugars
C) fatty acids
D) nucleotides
C) fatty acids
The atoms in glucose molecules can be combined with nitrogen (N) and sometimes sulfur (S) to make:
A) Nucleotides
B) Carbohydrates
C) Amino acids
D) Lipids
C) Amino acids
What does CHONPS stand for?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur (the main elements of life)
All chemical breakdown processes in cells directly involve
A. reactions that are controlled by biological catalysts
B. enzymes that are stored in mitochondria
C. the production of catalysts in vacuoles
D. enzymes that have the same genetic base sequence
A. reactions that are controlled by biological catalysts
Which part of a molecule provides energy for life processes?
Chemical bonds, specifically the high-energy chemical bonds found in molecules like glucose and ATP
The building blocks for nucleic acid molecules are:
A) amino acids
B) simple sugars
C) fatty acids
D) nucleotides
D) nucleotides
In the example of eating a cricket, why are the amino acids in its proteins useful to your body?
A) They give you energy directly without being changed
B) They can be rearranged and reused to make your own proteins
C) They remain in your bloodstream permanently
D) They break down into glucose for energy
B) They can be rearranged and reused to make your own proteins
Which of the following are considered the three main macronutrients that provide energy to the body?
A) Vitamins, minerals, and water
B) Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
C) Fiber, antioxidants, and enzymes
D) Sugars, salts, and nucleic acids
B) Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that interacts with meat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in a refrigerator for a short time, how would the enzyme be affected?
A. It would be broken down.
B. Its activity would slow down.
C. Its shape would change.
D. It would no longer act as an enzyme.
B. Its activity would slow down.
Which macronutrient is the primary source of energy for the body?
A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins
C) Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main macronutrient that supplies energy to the body quickly, while fats provide long-term energy storage and proteins primarily support growth and repair.
Why do the order and the type of building blocks in a macromolecule matter?
The order of building blocks and types of building blocks impact the structure of the macromolecule, which impacts its function.
What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
A) Store nutrients for later use
B) Increase surface area to improve nutrient absorption
C) Produce enzymes for protein digestion
D) Transport food through the digestive tract
B) Increase surface area to improve nutrient absorption