Carbohydrates
A simple sugar that is produced during photosynthesis and broken down in cellular respiration; it provides quick energy
What is glucose?
Provides long-term energy and warmth (insulation)
What is fat? (or a triglyceride)
The building block of proteins
What are amino acids?
The function of nucleic acids
What is 'to store or carry genetic information'?
Enzymes are made of this type of biomolecule.
What is protein?
A large carbohydrate used by plants to store energy; it's found in potatoes, corn, bread, rice, and pasta
What is starch?
Lipid used to build cell membranes
What is a phospholipid?
Protein that binds specifically to certain disease-causing organisms and targets them for destruction
What is an antibody?
Consists of a double helix and contains the sugar deoxyribose
What is DNA?
This is the function of an enzyme.
What is 'to speed up chemical reactions'?
A large carbohydrate that stores energy in liver and muscles
What is glycogen?
Lipid that regulates the fluidity of animal cell membranes and can be used to make estrogen or testosterone; you need some to survive but too much can be bad
What is cholesterol?
Protein that carries oxygen in the blood
What is hemoglobin?
Single-stranded molecule that contains the 5-carbon sugar ribose; there are 3 types
What is RNA?
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by using this method.
What is 'by lowering the activation energy'?
Large carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants; also called fiber, it cannot be digested by humans
What is cellulose?
Lipid that waterproofs certain structures or protects them from dehydration
What is wax?
Protein that builds skin and other tissues
What is collagen or keratin?
The building block (monomer) of DNA
What is a nucleotide?
1) the reactant in enzyme-catalyzed reaction and 2) the location on the enzyme to which it binds
What are the 1) substrate and 2) the active site?
Large carbohydrate found in the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeleton of arthopods
What is chitin?
Two examples of steroid hormones
What are estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, aldosterone, etc .?
A protein found in muscle that helps it to move
What is actin or myosin? (or a motor protein)
Nucleotide that provides energy and can be used to build RNA
What is ATP?
Two factors that affect enzyme activity