Testing for biological molecules
Add a few drops of iodine solution
How to test for starch?
C6H12O6
What is the molecular equation for glucose?
20
How many Amino Acids are found in humans?
Hydrogen Bonds
What kind of bonds are in water?
Condensation reactions
What type of reaction occurs in amino acids?
Add a few drops of buriets soltuion,
How to test for proteins?
Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Peptide bond
What type of bonds hold amino acids together in a polypeptide?
Because hydrogen bonds between molecules absorb lots of energy.
Why does water have a high specific heat capacity?
a-glucose
What is the monomer of starch?
Add Benedict's reagent, Heat till boiling, look for any colour change
How to test for
reducing- sugars?
Non reducing sugars cannot donate electrons and therefore cannot be oxidised.
What is the difference between a reducing sugar and a non reducing sugar?
Primary is the sequence of amino acids; secondary is folding into α-helices or β-pleated sheets held by hydrogen
What is the difference between primary and secondary protein structure?
Oxygen is slightly negative, hydrogens are slightly positive, creating polarity.
Why is water described as a polar molecule?
Because hydrogen bonding causes water molecules to stick together.
Why is water cohesive?
Add ethanol then mix with water and observe for any colour change
How to test for Lipids?
Glycosidic 1-6
What kind of bond does amylopectin have?
Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, and hydrophobic interactions.
What bonds maintain tertiary protein structure?
It has a high latent heat of vaporisation, so evaporation removes large amounts of heat.
Why is water important in cooling mechanisms?
Glycogen is the storage polysaccharide of animals and fungi, it is highly branched and not coiled
Define Glycogen.
Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the sample, Neutralise the solution with sodium hydrogencarbonate and Then carry out Benedict’s test.
How to do a non-reducing sugar test?
A lipid molecule made of one glycerol bonded to three fatty acids via ester bonds.
What is a triglyceride?
A protein with long, insoluble polypeptide chains providing structural support; e.g., collagen.
What is a fibrous protein? Give an example.
Universal solvent
Transport medium
Medium for metabolic reactions
Temperature regulation
Lubricant and protection
Excretion of wastes
Maintains cell shape
Component of body fluids
What is the role of water in humans?
Amylose has only 1–4 glycosidic bonds and is coiled; amylopectin has 1–4 and 1–6 bonds and is branched.
What is the structural difference between amylose and amylopectin?