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Measure of the traits relative contribution to the following generation
fitness
individuals mate in close proximity
Non random mating
group that includes all nonmonkey anthropoids—the living and extinct gibbons, orangutans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans
Hominoid
diurnal vs nocturnal
active during day and active during night
Some variations allow the organism that possesses them to have more off spring than the organism that does not possess them
reproductive advantage
blending in
camoflauge
favors individuals that are best adapted for survival and reproduction
Natural selection
walking upright on two legs
bipedal
what organ is large in a primate that made them similar to humans
brain
major classes of traits when studying fossils
derived traits and ancestral traits
Darwins term for selective breeding of organisms
artificial selection
random change in DNA that could be advantageous
Mutation
genus that lived in the east-central and southern part of Africa between 4.2 and 1 Mya
Australopithecine
Some variations are inherited from parents
heritability
anatomically similar structure inherited from a common ancestor
homologous structure
theory of evolution by Darwin
natural selection
individuals with average trait are removed
Disruptive selection
types of primates
human, apes, monkeys, lemurs
Individuals in a population differ from one another
variation
Reduced form of a functional structure that indicates shared ancestry
vestigial structure
the four ideas that natural selection is based on
excess reproduction, variations, inheritance, advantages of specific traits
organisms with extreme expression of a trait are removed
Stabilizing selection
overlapping field of vision
binocular vision
Populations produce more offspring that can survive
overproduction
structure that has the same function but different construction and was not inherited from a common ancester
analogous structure