Famous Scientists
This Scottish scientist accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928 after mold grew on an open petri dish in his lab.
Who is Alexander Fleming?
This organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell” because it produces most of the cell’s ATP.
What is Mitochondria?
This assay is commonly used to determine whether cells are alive or dead using a dye that enters cells with compromised membranes.
What is a viability assay?
Known for its iconic red script logo, this company makes everything from consumer health products to cutting-edge pharmaceuticals like Stelara
What is Johnson & Johnson (or J&J)
This common type of medication treats everyday illnesses like colds, allergies, and pain, and can be bought without a prescription.
What are Over-the-Counter drugs?
Working alongside Leonor Michaelis, this scientist helped derive the famous equation used to measure how fast enzymes work.
Who is Maud Menten?
This structure surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves it, maintaining the cell’s internal environment.
What is the plasma membrane?
This technique separates proteins by molecular weight before they are transferred to a membrane for antibody detection.
What is SDS-PAGE?
This major pharmaceutical company is famous for developing Keytruda, one of the world's most successful cancer treatments, as well as the Gardasil vaccine.
What is Merck
This term describes how a drug moves through the body—covering absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
What is Pharmacokinetics?
Though Watson, Crick, and Wilkins won the 1962 Nobel Prize for DNA's structure, the award controversially excluded this female scientist whose data made it possible.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for transport to other parts of the cell or for secretion.
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
This technique measures fluorescence from thousands of individual cells, allowing researchers to determine the percentage of cells expressing a recombinant protein.
What is flow cytometry?
Headquartered in Indiana, this company is famous for introducing the world's first commercial human insulin in 1982 and recently revolutionized diabetes and weight-loss care.
What is Eli Lilly and Company ?
This cutting‑edge therapeutic approach uses a patient’s own genetically modified T‑cells to attack cancer.
What is CAR‑T cell therapy?
This French chemist developed the process of heating liquids to kill harmful bacteria and created early vaccines for rabies and anthrax.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
This organelle is responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA and assembling the two subunits of ribosomes within the nucleus.
What is the nucleolus?
This method separates molecules based on their interaction with a stationary phase and is frequently used to analyze proteins and biologics.
What is chromatography?
This British-Swedish biopharmaceutical giant co-developed a major COVID-19 vaccine and has a massive U.S. operational hub right here in Wilmington, Delaware.
What is AstraZeneca?
These small‑molecule cancer drugs bind to DNA and prevent replication, and include agents like cisplatin.
What are alkylating agents?
This scientist won a 2020 Nobel Prize for co-discovering how to use CRISPR-Cas9 as a gene-editing tool.
Who is Jennifer Doudna?
This membrane-bound organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is responsible for intracellular digestion and the breakdown of damaged cellular components.
What is the lysosome?
This assay measures the amount of nucleic acid present by monitoring fluorescence during amplification.
What is qPCR?
Unlike standard drugmakers, this massive healthcare technology company focuses primarily on medical devices, such as pacemakers, insulin pumps, and surgical tools.
What is Medtronic?
This investigational personalized mRNA cancer vaccine from Moderna and Merck—designed using up to 34 neoantigens from an individual patient’s tumor—showed Phase 3 success when combined with Keytruda, significantly reducing melanoma recurrence compared to Keytruda alone.
What is intismeran autogene (V940/mRNA‑4157)?