Vision
What is the optic track?
This feature is not just used for hearing, it also offers protection to the middle ear
What is the tympanic membrane? (Ear Drum)
This organ, found in mammals, is specialized for processing pheromones
What is the Vomeronasal Organ?
In gustation, this refers to the combination of taste, smell, texture and nostalgia
What is flavor?
Due to this, we are able to perceive where a stimulus is
What are receptive fields?
Sarah has difficulty seeing the vibrant colors at the outdoor art show in the early evening, she is concerned but Matt reminds her that these photoreceptors don't function well in dim light.
What are cones?
This ion starts the cascade of events that allows for sound waves to become a neural input
What is potassium (K+)
What this feature consolidates ORCs before heading to the olfactory bulb, the first stop in the CNS?
What is the glomerulus?
There are 50-150 of this type of cell per bud, with many buds on a papilla
What are taste receptor cells?
This proprioceptive receptor alerts to the muscle separating from the bone
What are golgi tendon organ receptors?
This occurs when opsin from one receptor is found in a different photoreceptor
What is Protanopia or Red Green Colorblindness?
A symptom of damage here would be the ability to hear higher frequencies but not lower ones
What is the basilar membrane?
or
Cochlear apex is where lower frequencies are heard
Cochlear base is where higher frequencies are heard
What type of receptor are olfactory receptor cells?
What is metabotropic?
or
What is g-coupled protein receptors.
Odorants attach to receptors, causing intracellular changes that open ion channels
The activation of this type of taste relies on both sodium and hydrogen ion channels
What is acid?
Damage to this receptors release chemicals that stimulate the dendrite to produce action potentials
What is Nociception receptors?
Marie is able to see her coffee mug but has difficulty picking it up, what might a neurologist check first?
What is her dorsal stream?
A tumor in this part of the brain would cause disruption in both audition and vision blocking the neural signals from reaching either the visual or the auditory cortex.
What is the thalamus?
What part of the brain is connected to the emotional response odorants can cause?
What is the hypothalamus
or
What is the amygdala
This is the final stop of the brain that perceives flavor
What is somatosensory cortex?
OR Gustatory Cortex
Damage to the LEFT side of the spinal cord will cause this side of the body below the injury to lose the sensation of pressure.
What is the left side of the body?
Bonus:
What will the right side of the body lose?
Victor has a stroke. The doctor performs a test, asking Victor to copy a picture of a normal clock. The doctor makes a note that he has to check this area of the brain when Victor drew only the left side of the clock.
What is the left LGN or left visual cortex?
This question is telling you what he CAN see, which is the left side. What he CAN'T see is the right side. Because the right visual field is impaired, the first place to check would most likely be on the LEFT side of his brain. He can see the left visual field so chances are the right LGN and right visual cortex are working find.
You hear gun shots and startle, but you are unable to identify what they are. Better check this part of the brain is first!
What is the auditory cortex
The mechanics of sensing sound work, but you can process what you are hearing.
You step into a room and a smell invokes memories of your grandmother, what part of the brain has most likely been activated
What is the hippocampus?
Activated metabotropic receptors produce the more complex sensations of this taste type
What is sweet?
or
what is sugar?
This sense travels along with the auditory nerve but has nothing to do with hearing
What is Vestibular sense?