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Membrane Potential
Ion Channels
Polarity
Characteristics of the Action Potential
Neuron Communication
100
The resting membrane potential of a neuron.
What is -70 mV?
100
Pores through which ions move.
What are ion channels?
100
Containing two opposites.
What is polarity?
100
The term that describes how the action potential travels down the axon toward the synaptic terminal.
What is propagation?
100
A type of post-synaptic potential that causes the cell to have an overall more negative charge.
What is an inhibitory post-synaptic potential?
200
The threshold of excitation.
What is -55 mV?
200
Ion channels that open in response to a change in voltage.
What are voltage gated ion channels?
200
Caused by an influx of sodium ions through a channel.
What is depolarization?
200
The term that describes how the neuron must reach the threshold of excitation before an action potential can be fired.
What is all or none?
200
Receptors linked to ion channels.
What are ionotropic receptors?
300
More of this type of ion exists inside the cell than outside the cell.
What are potassium (K+) ions?
300
Ion channels that open in response to ligand binding.
What are ligand gated ion channels?
300
Results from an efflux of potassium ions through a channel.
What is repolarization?
300
Allows for the action potential to travel quickly as it is only occurring in the Nodes of Ranvier.
What is saltatory conductance?
300
Receptors linked to other proteins that elicit a chain of events that eventually results in changes in the cell.
What are metabotropic receptors?
400
The mechanism by which the neuron is able to integrate information and send a message to the next neuron.
What is the action potential?
400
These channels will open when the charge of the cell reaches -55 mV.
What are sodium ion channels?
400
When a cell is more negative than its original resting membrane potential after an action potential.
What is hyperpolarization?
400
These ions enter the cell and "unlock" the neurotransmitter-filled vesicles so they may be released into the synapse.
What are calcium (Ca++) ions?
400
Accumulates over a short time from the same presynaptic neuron.
What is temporal summation?
500
The equation used to calculate resting membrane potential.
What is the Nernst equation?
500
It causes the sodium ion channels to slam shut in response to the influx of positive charge.
What is the ball and chain?
500
These charges attract each other.
What are opposite charges?
500
Prevents the dissipation of ion gradients due to action potentials.
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
500
Combines inputs arriving at different locations on the dendrites and cell body at the same time.
What is spatial summation?