Ch.1
Brain cells are...
Eukaryotic cells!
What signals do neurons send?
Chemical and/or electrical
2 types of receptors
Ionotropic and Metabotropic
Teratogens are...
environmental toxins (like alcohol, pollutants, etc) that disrupt normal development
Neurotransmitters are made from..
Amino acids and fats
The four lobes are...and each do...
Frontal Lobe (decision making), Parietal Lobe (Process Touch), Occipital Lobe (vision), and Temporal Lobe (hearing, memory, and language)
Four Key Electrolytes
Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Chloride
What is the "Golden Rule?"
Location=Function
Vitamin B9 is also known as...
Folic Acid
Diffusion is...
Name two types of glia cells
Astrocytes, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes, Schwann
Name all Ion channels
Leak, Gated, ligand-gated, and voltage-gated
What does the catecholamine family consist of?
Dopamine (DA), Norepinephrine (NE), and Epinephrine
Explain what neurogenesis and gliagenesis are.
Neurogenesis: Creation of new neurons
Gliogensis: creation of glial cells
What does the medulla oblongata do?
It controls heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing.
Name of system where proteins and fats are built.
Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Describe hyperpolarization
It is where too much K+ leaves the cell, making it more negative than it should be (going down to -85mV)
What are the 3 major neurotransmitters made from fats?
Endocannabinoids, Prostaglandins, & Acetlycholine
What are the three main vesicles once the neural tube closes?
Prosencephalon (The Forebrain), Mesencephalon (The Midbrain), Rhombencephalon (The Hindbrain)
Explain the three steps that happen to form the Neural Tube.
Step 1: The "Pre-work" (The eggs begins to divided into cells, whihc results in the blastocyst that is full of fluid and inncer cell mass)
Step 2: Gastrulation (The embryo divides into three germ layers called endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm, and cells fold inward (invagination))
Step 3: Neuralation ( The germ layers start to undergo transformation of becoming neural tissues, neural grove, and lastly the neural tube)
What are the five regions of the brain?
Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Mentencephalon, Myelencephalon
Ability to maintain the same function despite tremendous change
Homeostasis!
Describe what Glutamate and Gabba do.
Glutamate functions in excitation and learning. Gabba functions in inhibition, calming, and seizure prevention.
What is Apoptosis?
Are we ready for the midterm?
Yes!