Human Genetics
How many chromosomes do the egg and sperm have?
23
In some axons, glial cells form this fatty substance, which coats the axon and acts as an insulator, increasing the speed at which the signal travels.
What is the myelin sheath?
A state of equilibrium or balance
What is homeostasis?
the top of the spinal cord connects to it with a bundle of nerves
What is the brain stem.
A system which is made up of a series of glands that produce hormones.
What is the endocrine system?
Its a specific version of a gene
what is Allele
Its a very small space between two neurons and is an important site where communication between neurons occurs.
What is the synaptic cleft?
a type of nervous system that activates when faced with high stress situations.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
It involves the creation of new synapses, pruning of synapses that are no longer used, changes in glial cells, and even the birth of new neurons.
What is Neuroplasticity?
A condition in which the thyroid secretes too much hormone thyroxine and causes agitation to the body.
What is hyperthyroidism?
its a genetic condition in which red blood cells, which are normally round, take on a crescent-like shape.
What is sickle cell anemia
these kinds of cells provide scaffolding on which the nervous system is built, help neurons line up closely with each other to allow neuronal communication, provide insulation to neurons, transport nutrients and waste products, and mediate immune responses.
What are glial cells?
It allows the body to access energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity to either fight or flee from a threat
What is the fight or flight response and what does it do?
This lobe is located on the side of the head and is associated with hearing memory and emotion.
What is the temporal lobe?
A gland which produces hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.
What is the adrenal gland?
Chromosomes are made up of these long strings of this type of genetic material.
what is deoxynucleic acid (DNA)
these are proteins on the cell surface where neurotransmitters attach, vary in shape, with different shapes “matching” different neurotransmitters.
What are Receptors?
It's a type of nervous system divided into two different nervous systems, sympathetic and parasympathetic. It also controls the internal glands and organs.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
this lobe is located at the very back of the brain, and contains the primary visual cortex, which is responsible for interpreting incoming visual information.
What is the occipital lobe
Often referred to as the master gland, this gland sends messenger hormones to control the other glands in the body.
What is the pituitary gland?
it asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall.
What is range of reaction
The myelin sheath is not continuous and there are small gaps that occur down the length of the axon which is what this is.
What are the Nodes of Ranvier?
When activated, the pupils dilate, heart rate increases, blood pressure increases, the bladder relaxes, and the liver releases glucose. Adrenaline surges through the blood stream.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
a system which is made up of a number of different structures, but three of the most important are the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the hypothalamus
What is the limbic system
this helps in digestion and blood sugar regulation and produces insulin and glucose.
What is the pancreas?