Rhythm of the Night
Jet lag is mostly due to disruptions in this
What is circadian rhythm?
This is the typical length of an average sleep cycle
What is 90 minutes?
This can cause weight gain, impaired concentration, memory problems, and lowered immunity to disease/infections, etc.
What is sleep deprivation?
If you wake up in REM, you'll be more likely to remember these
What are dreams?
Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea cause these cells to be displaced/move, triggering action potentials in the auditory nerve
What are hair cells?
This part of the brain regulates the circadian rhythm for sleep
What is suprachiasmatic nucleus?
If you wake up during this stage(s) of sleep, you'll most likely feel groggy and disoriented
What is slow-wave sleep/Stages 3 & 4?
Consistently feeling sleepy during the day and having trouble falling asleep/staying asleep is characteristic of this sleep disorder
What is insomnia?
Inhibitory messages from the pons to the spinal cord during REM produce this, which is why we don't act our dreams
What is sleep paralysis?
Term for the inability to see that objects are moving
What is motion blindness?
The pineal gland releases this hormone, which influences both circadian and circannual rhythms
What is melatonin?
This stage of sleep is characterized by a low-amplitude, high-frequency sleep EEG signal (theta waves) that is similar to that observed during Stage 1
What is REM?
This sleep disorder is characterized by sudden sleep attacks and other intrusions of REM sleep when people are awake
What is narcolepsy?
Data suggest memory consolidation (especially for motor learning) occurs during this stage of sleep, during which we also experience vivid dreams
What is REM?
REM is called this because our muscles barely move but our brains are highly active
What is paradoxical sleep?
An environmental cue that resets a biological clock
What is a zeitgeber?
Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most characteristic of which sleep stage?
What is Stage 2?
Experiences of intense anxiety from which a person awakens screaming in terror
What are night terrors?
These are the dreamlike experiences at the onset of sleep that are difficult to distinguish from reality
What are hypnagogic hallucinations?
Some drugs used to treat allergies may produce drowsiness if they block this
What is histamine?
This is one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts because it can help adjust their circadian rhythms
What is expose them to bright lights while they work and make it dark while they try to sleep during the day?
This neurotransmitter is important for inhibiting neural activity during sleep
What is GABA?
Disorder where there is vigorous activity during REM, associated with people acting out their dreams
What is REM behavior disorder?
This theory of dreaming states that dream content reflects random brain stem activity and the cortex's inherent tendency to try to make sense of these ambiguous signals.
What is cortical activation-synthesis theory of dreaming?
Because of the relationship between the motor neuron axons and muscle fibers, the ______ muscle fibers a single axon innervates, the more precise the movements
What is fewer?