Rhythm of the Night
Jet lag is mostly due to disruptions in this
What is circadian rhythm?
This is the typical length of an average sleep cycle
What is 90 minutes?
This can cause weight gain, impaired concentration, memory problems, and lowered immunity to disease/infections, etc.
What is sleep deprivation?
This method is used to record electrical activity from the cerebral cortex in real time and provides good information about different stages of sleep.
What is EEG?
If you wake up in REM, you'll be more likely to remember these
What are dreams?
This part of the brain regulates the circadian rhythm for sleep
What is suprachiasmatic nucleus?
If you wake up during this stage(s) of sleep, you'll most likely feel groggy and disoriented
What is slow-wave sleep/Stages 3 & 4?
Consistently feeling sleepy during the day and having trouble falling asleep/staying asleep is characteristic of this sleep disorder
What is insomnia?
Some drugs used to treat allergies may produce drowsiness if they block this
What is histamine?
Inhibitory messages from the pons to the spinal cord during REM produce this, which is why we don't act our dreams
What is sleep paralysis?
The pineal gland releases this hormone, which influences both circadian and circannual rhythms
What is melatonin?
This stage of sleep is characterized by a low-amplitude, high-frequency sleep EEG signal (theta waves) that is similar to that observed during Stage 1
What is REM?
This sleep disorder is characterized by sudden sleep attacks and other intrusions of REM sleep when people are awake
What is narcolepsy?
REM is called this because our muscles barely move but our brains are highly active
What is paradoxical sleep?
Data suggest memory consolidation (especially for motor learning) occurs during this stage of sleep, during which we also experience vivid dreams
What is REM?
An environmental cue that resets a biological clock
What is a zeitgeber?
Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most characteristic of which sleep stage?
What is Stage 2?
Experiences of intense anxiety from which a person awakens screaming in terror
What are night terrors?
This system removes wastes and metabolites from the brain through the cerebral spinal fluid.
What is glymphatic system?
These are the dreamlike experiences at the onset of sleep that are difficult to distinguish from reality
What are hypnagogic hallucinations?
Animals who are more active during the day than night are ______, animals who are more active at night than the day are _________, and animals who are most active at dawn & dusk are _________.
What is diurnal, nocturnal, crepuscular?
This neurotransmitter is important for inhibiting neural activity during sleep
What is GABA?
Disorder where there is vigorous activity during REM, associated with people acting out their dreams
What is REM behavior disorder?
This area of the brain helps promote sleep because of its inhibitory GABA projections
What is ventrolateral preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus (VLPO)?
This theory of dreaming states that dream content reflects random brain stem activity and the cortex's inherent tendency to try to make sense of these ambiguous signals.
What is cortical activation-synthesis theory of dreaming?