Do Ya Know Ya 'Yotes?
They undergo simultaneous transcription and translation
What are prokaryotes?
This portion of the DNA marks the area where the RNA polymerase should bind
What is the promoter?
As important as they are, these DNA sequences make up less than 2% of the human genome
What are protein-coding sequences?
In prokaryotes, this is the shape of the chromosome containing the whole genome of the organism
What is circular?
Sharing is caring! This process occurs in prophase 1 of meiosis and allows chromosomes to swap sections of themselves with each other
What is crossing over?
They regulate gene expression through binding of transcription factors to DNA regulatory elements
What is both?
These two transcription elements are added to the ends of eukaryotic mRNA before being translated
What are the 5'-cap and poly-A tail?
The exons within the same gene in eukaryotes can be merged together in different ways to code for different proteins in this process
What is alternative splicing?
During mitotic prophase, this is the point where sister chromatids are joined together
What is the centromere?
This law states that separation of each pair of homologous chromosomes occurs independently during meiosis
What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?
They require splicing of exons before translation in the ribosome
What are eukaryotes?
Transcription factors bind to these to regulate gene expression
What are regulatory elements?
These DNA sequences make up around 1/2 of the human genome and can change their position within the genome
What are transposible elements?
Two copies of the same chromosome are called this
What is homologous?
This is the mitotic phase in which sister chromatids separate, migrating to opposite ends of the cell
What is anaphase?
They organize co-regulated genes together into an operon
What are prokaryotes?
These are the fundamental units of chromatin, formed of a segment of DNA wrapped around a histone
What is a nucleosome?
This paradox states that the genome sizes of eukaryotes is extremely variable, even within the same taxornomic group.
What is the C-value paradox?
This term describes the number of possible alleles for each gene that a cell can have
What is ploidy?
This genetic error occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to separate during mitosis or meiosis
What is nondisjunction?
They regulate transcription by methylation and deacetylation of histones
What are eukaryotes?
When bound by a repressor, this DNA sequence reduces expression of a gene, and is typically found thousands of base pairs away from the gene it affects
What is a silencer?
This family of SINEs is a short, 300-nucleotide sequence that is found in over 1 million human and chimpanzee genomes
What is the Alu element?
Cells with missing or extra chromosomes are also known as this
What is aneuploid?
This is the point during meiosis at which the daughter cells become functionally haploid
What is the first division?