Cell Organelles
which organelle carries out photosynthesis in plant cells
chloroplast
which junction forms a water tight seal between cells?
tight junction
what bond involves sharing electrons
covalent bonds
what is the monomer of proteins
amino acids
what macromolecule is composed of monosaccharide monomers
carbohydrates
why do mitochondria have their own DNA?
evolved from free living bacteria: endosymbiotic theory
how do adheren junctions connect cells
by anchoring the cytoskeletons of two cells together using actin and cadherin proteins
what type of bond stabilzes DNA base pairing
hydrogen bonds
why are phospholipids ideal for cell membranes
they are amphipathic
why are tight junctions primarily found in epithelial tissue
prevents leakage of materials into unwanted areas. they create impermeable barriers
if a cell has specifically has difficulty transporting vesicles internally, which structure is most likely impaired
CYTOSKELETON ; microtubules and motor proteins
what junction would you need if you wanted to rapidly transmit signals from one cell 50 um away through other cells?
gap junction
why do lipids repel an attraction to water?
they are non polar molecules (hydrophobic). uncharged water fearing.
I want to store the most amount of energy I possibly can. What would this be stored in my body as?
lipids (highest energy density; lots of C-H bonds)
a molecule with plenty of hydroxyl groups is most likely to be a ________
carbohydrate
if actin filaments suddenly were disrupted, what cell functions would be impaired.
cytokinesis, cell to ecm adhesion, cell shape, etc.
if a cell were to lose its integrin proteins what type of cell junction would fail first?
Focal adhesions and hemidesmosomes (cell to ecm junctions)
why do polar molecules dissolve easily in water where nonpolar ones do not?
polar molecules form hydrogen bonds with water. nonpolar molecules cannot. polarity enables interaction with water
why do unsaturated fats increase membrane fluidity
kinks in the nonpolar tails increases spacing between them ; prevents tight packing
a drug blocks condensation reactions. what macromolecule(s) are affected
all of them
a mutation deletes dyenin motor protein synthesis. which process is most impaired
vesicle transportation towards the nucleus
A mutation of EFP35 gene inactivates the gene sequence responsible for producing connexon proteins. what is the consequence
loss of cell to cell communication via gap junctions
a mutation effecting the effeciency of hydrogen bonding what is most effected?
DNA base pairing (or protein folding)
a patient is deficient in certain protease groups. What macromolecule wont be digested? and what kind of reaction do they normally posess
proteins ; hydrolysis reactions
if a molecule is highly hydrophobic, where would it likely reside
within the plasma membrane