Metabolism Basics
What is the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell?
Metabolism
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What are the 4 major macromolecules?
Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, Lipids
the 1st stage of respiration where glucose is split?
Glycolysis
what is the organelle where photosynthesis occurs
chloroplast
These metabolic pathways build complex molecules from simpler ones
anabolic pathways
Breaking ATP produces ADP and what molecule
Inorganic phosphate
the organelle where the citric acid cycle and ETC occur?
Mitochondrion
the pigment that absorbs light energy
chlorophyll
These pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules
catabolic pathways
cells use ATP to perform these three types of work:
Chemical, Transport and Mechanical
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA
DNA is a double helix (double stranded), RNA exists as single strands
what molecules carry high-energy electrons to the ETC?
NADH and FADH2
Calvin Cycle
this type of energy is stored in chemical bonds
chemical (potential) energy
A positive ΔG means what type of reaction
endergonic
Homology refers to what?
shared similarities between species
This process uses a proton gradient to produce ATP
Chemiosmosis
What enzyme fixes carbon but can also bind oxygen
What term describes a reaction that occurs spontaneously with a negative ΔG
Exergonic
What large ggenergy change represents the breakdown of glucose in respiration (~686 kcal/mol)
ΔG of cellular respiration
Name all phases of a eukaryotic cell cycle (3 phases within interphase, 5 phases within mitosis, and 1 final phase) In the correct order!
Interphase - G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
Mitosis - Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
final - Cytokinesis
The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
What process wastes energy when RuBisCO binds O2 instead of CO2
Photorespiration