Define Monosaccharide, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide
mono-saccharide: 1 sugar molecule
oligo-saccharide: less than 100 sugar molecules
poly-saccharide: greater than 100 sugar molecules
100
Define Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic - water hating
Hydrophilic - water loving
100
Name the three parts of a nucleotide
Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar and nitrogenous base
100
Which way does DNA travel in a gel and why?
From the negative end to the positive end because of the negatively charge phosphate backbone
100
what conditions do E. Coli grow best in?
37 degrees Celcius
200
Define Phenotype and genotype
The composition of an organism's observable characteristics or traits- its physical expression of a trait and the genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual usually with reference to a specific characteristic under consideration
200
Define Acidic solutions
Lots of hydrogen ions (H+) pH < 7
200
Name the 5 bases and their complementary bases
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil
A-T (or A-U), G-C
200
Define plasmid
A circular piece of DNA
200
What is the eukaryotic equivalent of e. coli
Saccharomyces cerevisia
300
Define Biotechnology
the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use"
300
Define Basic solutions
Lots of Hydroxide ions (-OH) pH > 7
300
What is the name of the bond formed when the phosphate group attaches to the open 3’ end
Phosphodiester bond
300
What is a palindrome, give 3 examples
A sequence that is the same when read forward and backwards. Racecar, radar, civic
300
What is the complete scientific name of E. Coli?
Escherichia coli
400
Define Strain (in biology)
A set of organisms in a species that shares the same phenotype
400
Define Enzyme
a protein that speeds up or makes a chemical reaction happen
400
What is the part of ribose that is different from deoxyribose
The hydroxyl (OH) group attached to the 2’ carbon
400
What type of nucleases are restriction enzymes?
Endonucleases because they cut inbetween a long piece of double stranded DNA
400
E. Coli; Good or bad for humans?
Some E. Coli are harmful to humans but most are beneficial. Many of us host a population of E. coli in our gut that aids digestion and protects us from other harmful microbes
500
Define exonuclease and endonucleases
Enzymes which cut DNA strands at specific nucleotides from the outside end of the DNA (exo-nuclease) and in the middle of the DNA (endo-nuclease)
500
Define electronegativity and give examples of electronegative atoms
A property of an atom which increases with its tendency to attract the electrons of a bond. Oxygen, Fluorine and nitrogen
500
Draw on the board a molecule of DNA
Check book page 33
500
Which bond does a restriction enzyme cut specifically?
The phosphodiester bond that links the sugar and phosphate groups in two adjacent nucleotides.
Not the hydrogen bonds! Those break as a side product of the cutting of the backbone.