Biotechnology
the science of manipulating DNA to produce new products, treat disease and other applications
biotechnology
this type of reproduction is used to selectively breed organisms
sexual reproduction
Dolly was a clone of a
sheep
Name a genetically engineered hormone
insulin or human growth hormone (HGH)
the filter that sorts DNA strands according to length
gel
choosing mates to breed for desirable traits in offspring
selective breeding
mating of two different species to produce desirable traits
hybridization
the cloned animal is identical to the
nucleus donor
plants or organisms whose genetic makeup is modified in a laboratory
genetically modified organism (GMO) or transgenic organism
technique that produces large amounts of DNA
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
creating an organism the is genetically identical to another organism
cloning
identify one advantage of selective breeding
profit, better quality, desirable traits - resistance to disease, seedless fruit, bigger crops
the nucleus and egg cell are joined using
electric shock
scissor-like enzymes that cut DNA at specific base sequence sites
restriction enzyme
causes DNA to move through the gel
electric current
process used to alter the genetic code of an organism
genetic engineering
name one disadvantage of selective breeding
decreases variation or increase in recessive genetic disorders
Name two reasons to support cloning
Revive endangered or extinct species, reproduce deceased pet, livestock, drug production, medicine
Identify one advantage of genetically engineered crops
protect from insects, extend growing season, improve quality of food
In a gel, DNA fragments that are shorter will travel _______________ than larger DNA fragments
farther
technique used to separate DNA based on size using an electrical field
gel electrophoresis
horse + donkey =
mule
Name two reasons against cloning
the success rate is low, ethical, moral, legal and social issues
Describe the steps of genetic engineering
1. Identify gene 2. Use an enzyme to cut DNA 3. Insert new gene in organism 4. Organism reads new gene as if it is its own 5. Organism produces new protein --> expresses new trait
Name 3 applications for using gel electrophoresis
paternity testing, forensic analysis, food security & safety, trace evolutionary patterns