Polymerases
This enzyme is used to create a new DNA strand.
DNA polymerase
You get the first dose of the coronavirus vaccine, but miss your appointment for the second dose. What will happen?
Your body may not make enough antibodies to fight off the virus
True or false: there is a specific antibody for each antigen.
True
How can we "cut" a DNA fragment?
restriction enzymes
What study helped accelerate the field of biotechnology?
The Human Genome Project
A DNA template
You forget to add DNA ligase after inserting a gene into a plasmid. What will happen?
The gene will "slip out" of the plasmid.
What is introduced when a pathogen enters the body?
What is needed for DNA cloning?
A plasmid
What is in vitro fertilization?
Making a fertilized egg in a Petri dish
In what process would you see RNA polymerase?
Transcription
You do all steps of DNA cloning then incubate bacteria on an agar plate with ampicillin. After incubation, all of the bacteria died, and there is no growth. Why?
The bacteria cells did not take up the plasmid with the ampicillin resistant gene.
What is the purpose of an antibody?
To attack a pathogen
Where exactly on the DNA do restriction enzymes cut?
Palindromic sequence
What is significant about stem cells? (why are they used)
They can be put in a controlled environment to be made into any type of cell (muscle cell, skin cell, etc.)
Is it possible to create DNA from RNA?
Yes, using reverse transcriptase
You want to insert a gene into a plasmid, but the restriction enzyme you use does not cleave the DNA. Why?
You do not have the correct restriction enzyme.
How do we build antibodies?
Exposure to pathogens, vaccines
True or false: there is only one type of restriction enzyme.
False, there are specific restriction enzymes for specific organisms and genes
What kind of ethical issues come about when using stem cells?
They come from embryonic cells
What polymerase is used in PCR?
Taq polymerase
You are running a cycle of PCR, but use DNA polymerase instead of Taq polymerase. Will you create a new DNA strand?
No because Taq polymerase is needed for PCR
What is contained in a vaccine?
A dead or weakened version of a pathogen
What are the "markers" in analysis of the presence of the DNA insert?
Ampicillin and Tet-R gene
How do antisense nucleic acids block gene expression?
They block protein synthesis