Tools
True or False? With the exception of twins, every individual has a unique DNA fingerprint.
True
Cuts DNA into fragments
Restriction Enzyme
Organism that contains foreign DNA
Transgenic organism
Project to sequence and catalog all human genes
Human Genome Project
Process that separates DNA by size and charge
Gel Electrophoresis
A pattern that is created by the process of gel electrophoresis
DNA Fingerprint
Circular strand of DNA found in bacteria and commonly used in genetic engineering
plasmid
Organism who's DNA has been modified
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
Process of replacing a defective gene with a functioning gene
Gene therapy
Process of changing bacteria by adding foreign DNA
Transformation
The function of restriction enzymes
to cut DNA into smaller pieces or fragments
Single-stranded ends of cut DNA
Sticky Ends
Organism that is used to produce human insulin
Transgenic bacteria
Reason why stem cells are so unique
Stem cells can differentiate into any type of specialized cell
A cell that can differentiate into any specialized cell
Stem Cell
DNA has a ______________ charge, so it moves towards the __________________ end of the gel.
negative, positive
DNA that is produced from two different sources
Recombinant DNA
Reason scientists produce transgenic organisms
to treat diseases
another name for SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disorder) in which individuals lack an immune system
Bubble Boy Disease
Cells that have a specific function based on their structure
Specialized cell
The function of gel electrophoresis (how it works)
separates DNA by size and charge
Medicine that is produced by creating transgenic bacteria
Human Insulin
1. remove plasmid and donor DNA
2. Cut with restriction enzyme
3. Insert human gene into bacterial plasmid
process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means
Cloning
Replacing a bad gene with a good gene
Gene therapy