Restriction Enzymes
Enzyme that cuts a specific nucleotide sequence is a
Restriction enzyme
What is the charge of the electrode pole where the wells are at and DNA mixture is inserted, and what is the charge of the electrode pole where the DNA moves towards on the opposite end?
Negative, positive
Changing an organisms DNA to give that organism a new trait is known as
Genetic engineering
Give two examples of how genetic engineering is used
Plants, medicine, vaccines, giving organisms new traits, insulin, etc., answers will vary
According to Indeed, what is the highest paying profession?
Cardiologist
(350k)
Why would scientists want to use restriction enzymes?
Because a whole chromosome is too long for scientists too study one particular gene easily
What is a restriction map?
Shows the length of DNA fragments between restriction sites in strands of DNA
Explain why binary fission is an example of cloning
Because binary fission is asexual reproduction where the cell reproduces by cutting itself into two
What kind of restriction enzyme cut is commonly used in biotechnology?
Sticky ends
What is the most popular Valentine's candy in Virginia?
Candy hearts
What is a restriction site?
The sequences of nucleotides that are identified and cut by restriction enzymes/the fragments that are cut
Which lab technique produces millions, even billions, of copies of specific DNA sequences in just a few hours?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Why is genetic engineering possible?
Because the genetic code is shared by all organisms
What is a DNA fingerprint?
Individuals DNA that can be used to identify a person at the molecular level
What year was the first box of chocolates introduced?
1861
What is the blunt end vs sticky end?
Blunt end is a straight cut across the two ends of DNA, sticky ends are staggered cuts with 'hooks' on each end
What kind of DNA takes genes from more than one organism- typically using a bacterial plasmid?
Recombinant DNA
What are plasmids?
Closed loops of DNA that are separate from the bacterial chromosome and replicate on their own within the cell
What do the bands of DNA in gel electrophoresis represent?
The length of DNA fragments in base pairs
How many states have a city named Valentine?
4
(Arizona, Nebraska, Texas, Virginia)
What is CRISPR?
Allows scientists to choose which fragments they want to cut
This is in PCR-is a short segment of DNA that acts as a starting point for each new strand
Primer
Once the host cell is used for the recombinant DNA, how is the new DNA bonded together to the host DNA? *think enzyme*
DNA ligase (or a process called ligation)
Briefly explain the three steps of Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR step 1: separate the double stranded DNA into single strand. Step 2, primers bind to their complementary DNA sequences. Step 3, container heats once again and DNA polymerase begins to build new strands of DNA until the entire strand has been copied.
According to Billboard, what is the most popular song for the winter?
The neighborhood 'Sweater Weather'