Basic Approaches to Genetically Modify Prokaryotes
The basic approach used to genetically modify organisms that involves the introduction of new genes, or the modification of existing ones, to create proteins.
What is Recombinant DNA Technology?
The bacteria that is one of most common hosts used for cloning and recombinant protein expression.
What is E.coli?
E.coli allows for the expression of large amounts of purified proteins in a process known as _________.
What is Recombinant Protein Expression?
The first step in creating a genetically modified organism involves the isolation of ___________, that must have the following: an origin of replication, a selectable marker, and multiple cloning sites.
What is a Vector?
Organisms whose DNA has been modified by genetic engineering.
What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)?
The doubling rate of E.coli.
What is 20 minutes?
E.coli can produce proteins from two types of organisms.
What are eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Biotechnology can be used to turn carbon dioxide into _______, which would help combat global warming.
What are proteins?
Foreign DNA containing the desired gene is cleaved into pieces by __________ enzymes, in the second step of creating a GMO.
What is Restriction?
A GMO that contains genetic material from another organism.
What is a Transgenic Organism?
The two oxygen states that E.coli can grow in.
What are Aerobic and Anaerobic conditions?
The year that E.coli became the host of the first successful cloning.
1973
Biotechnology originated in this year.
What is 1919?
In the third and fourth step, the desired gene is inserted into a plasmid that is then taken up by a cell. This produces a __________ plasmid.
What is recombinant?
Self-replicating plasmids that move genes of interest to other cells.
What are Cloning Vectors?
The temperature that is optimal for the growth of E.coli.
37 degrees Celsius
E.coli may be used to make ________ someday, but further research is needed along with the practicing of certain engineering processes.
What is Biofuels?
In 2010, scientists created a living cell with an artificial genome made my humans. It was the first living cell to not have a parent since the beginning of life on Earth. The project costed __________ dollars.
What is 40 million?
In the fifth step, the cell containing the recombinant plasmid is __________.
What is Cloned?
Enzymes used to cut DNA at a desired location.
What are restriction enzymes?
E.coli was the first microbe to successfully uptake and express external DNA, which is known as ________.
What is transformation?
The process deregulated in E.coli so that the bacteria expels chemicals used to make detergents and lubricants.
What is Fatty Acid Synthase?
The number of countries that planted biotech crops in the European Union in 2012.
What is five countries?
The two goals of cloning.
What are to produce and collect copies of a gene or protein products of a gene?