Oubain
This enzyme is blocked by Oubaine
What is Na/K ATPase
This phase of the pacemaker action potential is primarily responsible for the heart rate and regulated by funny channels
What is phase 4?
This is the ion channel primarily blocked by Verapamil
What are LTCCs?
This phase of depolarization is hastened by Oubain
What is phase 4?
SNP increases intracellular levels of this secondary messenger
What is cGMP?
This phase of the cardiac nodal action potential is slowed by the action of Verapamil
What is phase 0?
Oubain has a ____ inotropic and _____ chronotropic effect on the heart
What is "positive" and "positive"?
What is decreased ventricular filling time and decreased preload
Verapamil's blockage of LTCCs reduces the activity of this intracellular calcium channel
What are RyR2s?
Extracellular potassium, calcium, and sodium concentrations have what change after Oubain treatment
What is: potassium increase, calcium decrease, and sodium decrease?
The SNP induced increase in heart rate persisted when LTCCs were inhibited, but not when this channel was inhibited.
What are funny channels?
During Verapamil overdose the SR becomes depleted of calcium because this reuptake pump can no longer function
What is SERCA-2?
The inhibition of Na/K ATPase prompts this channel to see less usage
What is sodium calcium exchanger?
According to Layland et al. nitric oxide reduces the contractility of contractile cardiac cells by inducing phosphorylation and calcium desensitization of this protein
What is troponin?
This Feedback Loop initiated by LTCC inhibition progressively weakens contractility via progressively lower concentrations of Ca in the SR.
What is the Ca depletion feedback loop leading to systolic failure?