Symptomatology
This symptom is present in mania but not present in hypomania.
What is psychosis?
Staff should perform this nutritional intervention for the patient with bipolar disorder in a hyperactive state.
What is providing high-calorie finger foods throughout the day?
These symptoms would indicate lithium toxicity.
What are ataxia, blurred vision, severe diarrhea, persistent nausea and vomiting, and tinnitus?
There may be an excess of this excitatory neurotransmitter and a reduction in activity in this side of the brain.
What is excessive levels of glutamate and reduced right side brain activity?
Excessive levels of glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, and a reduction in right-sided brain activity which is associated with decision-making impairment and impulse control issues.
This is the recovery model's basic tenet in regards to an individual with bipolar disorder.
What is independent management to prevent recurrence and assist with disease management?
What is bipolar is a chronic condition, with relapses common?
The nurse would suspect this condition in a patient taking an antipsychotic and develops a temperature of 101.
What is agranulocytosis?
These are the main class of drugs used for treating bipolar disorder.
What are mood stabilizers?
This part of the brain controls emotions.
What is the limbic system?
The limbic system is often called the emotional brain and is associated with feelings, sexuality, and social behavior.
High prolactin levels are associated with what mental illness.
What is depression?
Prolactin is also increased in anxiety and stress.
These are examples of EPS.
What is a shuffling gait, masked faces, dystonia, TD, or akathisia (restlessness) ?
The nurse administers this drug to treat EPS symptoms.
What is benztropine, or Cogentin?
This is considered first-line treatment for children or adolescents with symptoms of bipolar disorder.
What are second-generation antipsychotics?
This part of the nervous system plays a key role in stressful situations.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
What is myoclonus, usually in the lower extremities?
Myoclonus means sudden involuntary twitching, jerking, or spasms.
Note, there is also hyperreflexia in SS, which are exaggerated reflexes.
This symptom in mania is an exaggerated self-regard or self-worth. The patient may believe they have special powers or know famous people.
What is grandiosity?
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) should be given at this time of day.
What is after meals?
This is because it may cause appetite suppression.
This medical emergency can occur when a patient combines an antidepressant with an MAOI.
What is hypertensive crisis?
This neurotransmitter is implicated in psychosis.
What is dopamine?
Dopamine's excessive activity is believe to be responsible for symptoms of hallucinations and delusions seen in people with schizophrenia.
This neurotransmitter is decreased in depressive disorders.
What is serotonin?
This symptom seen in mania is when a person's mood shifts in an unpredictable fashion.
What is labile?
Also used in medicine such as "labile hypertension" unpredictable and unrelated to stimulus.
Staff should avoid this during periods of mania, where patients may be very "likable" during their high periods.
What is avoiding participating in the patient's behavior?
This class of medications may cause an unintended serious side effect in the patient with undiagnosed bipolar disorder, and must be carefully monitored.
What are antidepressants?
Antidepressants carry a risk as high as 40% of potentially triggering a switch from depression to mania.
This neurotransmitter is responsible for the fight-or-flight neurotransmitter.
What is norepinephrine?
This neurotransmitter can cause memory deficits and impaired motor function.
What is acetylcholine?
Acetylcholine is the chief neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system.