The Disorder
What is the difference between bipolar I and bipolar II? (p.463)
Mania vs. Hypomania
Typically, before a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, what is diagnosed? (p.464)
Anxiety disorders are often first diagnosed in children of parents with bipolar disorder and may represent the first signs of major mood illnesses (Barlow, 2014). Further, major depressive disorder is likely to be diagnosed before bipolar disorder. Misdiagnosis of MDD is common for individuals who have bipolar disorder type II as the hypomanic episodes go unnoticed.
Family-Focused Treatment is... (p.473)
Family-Focused Treatment is a hybrid of two forms of psychotherapy. It is both a variety of psychoeducation (a type of therapy whose main goal is to teach patients and their families about the nature of their illness), and also a variety of family therapy.
Family-focused CBT treatment for bipolar disorders focuses on what? (p.472)
psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and affect regulation interventions
Bipolar I and bipolar II disorders affect what percentage of the population? (p.464)
2%
How long does one have to be in a manic episode (without depression) to have bipolar I (p.463)
One week (4 days for bipolar II)
What do we use to assess/diagnose bipolar disorders? (p.476-478)
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) for patients 18 and older. When the patient is under the age of 18, we use the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL).
Two variables that FFT therapists have? p.475
1. Ability to think of a family or couple as a system in which members are interdependent and mutually influence other members behaviors. 2. Willingness to think biopsychosocially.
What do we typically teach in psychotherapy for patients with bipolar disorders? (p.467)
...skills for symptom management, increasing social and occupational role functioning, medication adherence, and coping with stress triggers. (research using MRI scans revealed that psychotherapy changed neural functions among patients who responded to the treatment)
An individual with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (either type) statistically has ____ years taken off of his/her life? (take a guess)
Individuals with bipolar disorder die 10-20 years earlier than those without the diagnosis. The reduction is somewhat greater for men than for women. This is known as the "mortality gap" (Hayes, Miles, Walters, King, & Osborn, 2015). Causes include suicide, cardiovascular disease, harms from psychotropic medication, socioeconomic disadvantage, stigma and a lack of focus on physical health, reduced self-advocacy and engagement with professional services.
What is pharmacotherapy? The text suggest that it is most effective in the treatment of? (p.495)
medical treatment by means of drugs; manic symptoms
What kind of chart is suggested for patients to use? (p.477)
A daily mood chart like the Social Rhythm Metric which asks patients to document daily mood on a -5 (depressed) to +5 (euphoric/activated) scale, along with social routines that may influence these moods (e.g., sleep-wake times, times when the patient socializes, the intensity of the social stimulation, the patient's exercise habits and other factors).
FFT uses what kinds of interventions? (generally) (p.473 and 478)
psychoeducation, etiology of bipolar disorder, interventions and self-management, communication enhancement training, and problem-solving skills training
How long should an individual with bipolar disorder remain in treatment? (p.486)
FFT is terminated after 9 months. In some cases, maintenance of "tune-up" FFT session are recommended.
Are individuals with bipolar disorder more creative? (take a guess)
Mania is linked to elevated mood and goal driven behaviors. Several studies suggest that milder symptoms, such as happiness and energy, may be more crucial for creativity than severe symptoms (Creativity and bipolar disorder: Touched by fire or burning with questions? Johnson, Murray, Fredrickson, Youngstorm, Hinshaw, Bass, Deckersbach, Schooler, Salloum, 2013).
True or False: Individuals who have a parent with bipolar disorder are more likely to develop the disorder themselves? (p.464-465)
True
What does FFT use for family assessments? (p.477-8)
the Camberwell Family Interview, a thorough assessment of family attitudes and behaviors to identify the targets of intervention.
What two assumptions guide Communication Enhancement Training? (p.482-484)
Aversive family communication is a common sequel to an episode of a psychiatric illness and to a large extent reflects distress within the family or couple in members' attempts to deal with the disorder. Second, the frequency of aversive communication can be reduced through skills training.
In FFT, the proposes of problem solving skills training is to... (p.485)
Three-fold: 1. open dialogue among family members about difficult conflict topics 2. to allow them a context in which to share their emotional reactions to these problems and 3. to help them develop a framework for defining, generating, evaluating, and implementing effective solutions to problems.
Famous people that may have/had bipolar disorders? (take a guess)
John Berryman, Robert Lowell, Anne Sexton, Vincent van Gogh, Robert Schumann among others (Johnson et al., 2013)
Self-Disclosed- Demi Lovato, Jean-Claude Van Damme, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Carrie Fisher, Linda Hamilton, Sinead O'Connor, Jane Pauley, Mariette Hartley, Scott Stapp, Mariah Carey,
Others- Kurt Cobain, Vivien Leigh, Mel Gibson, Russell Brand, Brian Wilson, Jimi Hendrix, Ted Turner, Frank Sinatra, Jane Pauley, Patty Duke, Winston Churchill, Terri Cheney
Family Studies- George Gordon, Lord Byron, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Robert Schumann, William and Henry James, Herman Melville, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Virginia Woolf, Ernest Hemingway, Mary Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft, James Bosswell, Samuel Johnson, Theodore Gericault, Gustav Mahler, August Strindberg, Tennessee Williams, Eugene O'Neill (Goodwin & Jamison, 2007)
Maybe- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Issac Newton, Ludwig van Beethoven
Stress, sleep-wake cycles, and social rhythms are explained by what hypothesis? (p.467)
The Social Rhythm Stability Hypothesis
What is the purpose of the mood "life chart"? (p.477)
for patients to keep track of daily mood variations, medications, life stressors, and sleep. Data from mood/activity charts help the clinician and patient to evaluate collaboratively the type of cycling the patient experiences and the degree to which social stressors contribute to mood fluctuation (Barkley, 2014, p.177).
What four communication skills does Communication Enhancement Training (CET) teach? (p.483)
expressing positive feelings, active listening, making positive requests for changes in others' behaviors, and giving negative feedback
For individual therapy of bipolar disorder, what is the model that is used? (p.469)
CBT with a focus on risk factors for relapse, including medication non adherence, excessive risk taking (or reward overestimation) prior to mania, and behavioral inactivity during depression.
Can individuals with Bipolar I Disorder also have have hypomanic episodes? (take a guess)
Yes? Maybe? What do you think??
Terri Cheney's discussion on bipolar disorder (type I)