DNA
RNA/Proteins
Mitosis
Nucleic Acids
Miscellaneous
100
Where does DNA store information?
in the sequence of the base pairings
100
What are the base pairings in RNA?
A-U; C-G
100
What types of cells does mitosis use to divide?
somatic cells
100
What kind of bond connects base pairings?
hydrogen bonds
100
What is the central dogma?
DNA->RNA->Protein
200
What 4 features define the DNA structure?
right-hand chirality, anti-parallel strands, major and minor grooves, double helix
200
What are the 3 kinds of RNA?
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
200
How do bacteria cells replicate?
binary fission
200
What are the three components that make up a nucleotide? What about a nucleoside?
sugar, base, phosphate; sugar and base
200
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Watson, Crick, and Franklin
300
In what direction is DNA replicated? What direction do you read DNA?
5'-3'; 3'-5'
300
What is the process of turning RNA into Proteins?
translation
300
List the 4 stages of the cell cycle:
G1, S, G2, M
300
What bond connects two nucleotides together?
Phosphodiester bonds
300
What does Chargaff's rules state?
For every A there is an equal amount of T; for every G there is an equal amount of C
400
If the DNA strand is 20% A, what percentage does G make?
30%
400
Transcribe this DNA strand (remember what direction RNA is made!):
3'-TACGAACTCGGCATTCAAG-5'
5'-AUGCUUGAGCCGUAAGUUC-3'
400
List the 4 phases of mitosis:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
400
What bases are pyrimidines? What bases are purines?
T, C, U; A, G
400
List the start and stop codons:
AUG, UAG, UGA, UAA
500
Replicate the strand (remember what direction DNA is made!):
5'-ATTAGGCACTGCCATT-3'
5'-AATGGCAGTGCCTAAT-3'
500
Translate this RNA strand:
5'-AUGCUUGAGCCGUAAGUUC-3'
MET LEU GLU PRO Stop
500
Before DNA replication, a diploid (2n) frog cell has 24 chromosomes (2x12). How many chromosomes does the frog have during S-phase? How many sister chromatids does the frog have after S-phase?
24; 48
500
What ends does the phosphodiester bond connect the two nucleotides together?
3' carbon on the sugar to the 5' phosphate group
500
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the genetic code and phenotype is the physically expressed trait