Cells and organelles
Chemical Bonds
Osmosis and Diffusion
DNA and RNA
Proteins
100
This organized group of different kinds of protein filaments provides structure to the cell and helps maintain its shape.
cytoskelton
100
This is the strongest type of intramolecular force or chemical bond.
What is a covalent bond?
100
A semipermeable membrane allows water to move from one compartment to another when one compartment has a higher concentration of this.
What is solute (or water)?
100
According to the central dogma of molecular biology, this process produces proteins from a messenger RNA?
What is translation?
100
Proteins that function in biochemical reactions as catalysts.
What are enzymes?
200
This cellular organelle contains large numbers of digestive/hydrolytic enzymes that function at low pH.
What are lysosomes
200
The specific type of covalent bond seen in this water molecule.
What is polar covalent?
200
In this figure the small dots represent solutes. The outside of the cell could be described as _____ relative to the inside.
What is hypotonic?
200
This nucleotide base will pair with cytosine in double-stranded DNA
What is guanine? (G)
200
Alpha helices are an example of this level of protein structure.
What is secondary structure?
300
This type of molecule is part of a phospholipid molecule and creates a hydrophobic, non-polar core of lipid bilayers.
What is a fatty acid?
300
Based on the number of valence electrons, a carbon atom will tend to form this number of covalent bonds with other atoms.
What is 4?
300
Based on this figure and assuming that the membrane acts as a semipermeable barrier, water will move in this direction.
What is into the cell?
300
An enzyme used to transcribe an mRNA molecule from a DNA template.
What is RNA polymerase?
300
This category of amino acid can form hydrogen bonds with water
What is charged or polar?
400
Many proteins are synthesized on ribosomes that attach to or dock on this organelle.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
400
Parts of a protein may fold up in a specific way due to charged amino acids being attracted to each other and thus forming this kind of bond.
What is an ionic bond?
400
For a charged ion like K+ these two driving forces will determine the net direction of diffusion.
What is chemical gradient (concentration) and electrical gradient (voltage)?
400
This sequence of bases is added to the 3’ end of an mRNA molecule to help stabilize it.
What is poly-A tail?
400
This molecule is a product of the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids.
What is water?
500
Cargo proteins move through a stack of membrane bound sacs in the cis to trans direction within this organelle.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
500
The two strands of a DNA molecule can be separated by heat, which breaks these intermolecular forces between the bases.
What are hydrogen bonds?
500
Many membrane transport proteins are able to move solutes such as glucose against their concentration gradient by coupling this transport to the "downhill" inward movement of this ion.
What is sodium?
500
RNA polymerase transcribes mRNA from a gene by reading the DNA sequence of the template strand in this direction.
What is 5' to 3'?
500
These molecules allow for the correct amino acid to be added to a growing peptide within the ribosome.
What are transfer RNAs (tRNAs)