Faults
Occurs when rocks move horizontally (side to side) past each other
Strike-Slip fault
Hot springs occur in areas where water is heated by ____.
Hot magma
This is the center point of an earthquake directly above the focus
epicenter
How do you measure magnitude
the Richter Scale
Why do volcanoes have more than 1 type of eruption
because the first eruption can change the conditions of a volcano making it have a different eruption next time
Occurs when rocks push together forcing a section of rock upward
Thrust or reverse fault
Volcanic fog is called
VOG
Vibrations of energy that flow from the focus of an earthquake are called
seismic waves
This detects the time and movement of earth during a quake
seismograph
Why can a volcano erupt in China and 1,000 miles away - in a different country - ash covers towns and makes people sick
volcanic dust and ash can travel far
Occurs when rocks move apart forming a gap
Normal fault
These 2 occurances can cause a volcanic eruption
hot spot & heated magma rising to the surface
These 3 things can cause an earthquake
1.molten rock moving under a volcano,
2. buildup and release of energy when two surface plates move or shift,
3.when large amounts of earth are removed or added.
beginning point of a quake
focus
This volcano is expected to erupt again within the next 5 years. It has a bowl-like crater and only one vent
active cinder cone volcano
(cinder: ash and lava)
The idea that the earth's crust is made up of moving plates
Theory of Plate Tectonics
what is the avalanche-like emission of red-hot dust and gases from a volcanic eruption, killed the people of Pompeii?
pyroclastic flow
What are the fast moving waves below earths surface called?
Name them.
body waves
P waves(primary waves) and S waves(secondary waves)
Magma that gets to the earths surface is called
lava
this is a large volcano that is layered showing different types of lava flow but it is currently inactive
dormant composite volcano
(Composite volcanoes are made of layers of harden lava and tephra, a mixture of cinders, ash and rock.)
The area around the Pacific ocean where many volcanoes are
The Ring of Fire
This is a danger caused by volcanoes when part of a mountain collapses causing mud and rock to surge down it
debris flow
What are the slow destructive waves on the surface called?
Name them.
surface waves
Love waves and Rayleigh waves.
Country that holds the world record for large earrhquakes
Chile
this is a large gradually sloping volcano with mild eruptions and continuous flow of lava
active shield volcano
（Shield volcanoes are formed by continual flow of lava).