Organisations
Name one organisation created by Steve Biko in 1968.
SASO
Name one organisation that organised the students' march in Soweto.
SSRC AND SASM
What organisation created BAWU?
The BPC
What was the BCP?
Black Community Programme
According to Biko, what was apartheid's greatest weapon?
They were able to control the minds of black people (taught them to feel inferior).
What was the "adult-body" of the BCM?
BPC - Black People's Convention
What day did the Soweto Uprising occur?
16 June 1976
What is BAWU?
Black Allied Workers Union
What was the Njwaxa Leatherworks Project?
A community-based project created to generate employment and foster economic self-reliance. Black people would learn to create leather goods which could then be sold.
According to the BCM, what was the first step towards political liberation?
Psychological liberation - breaking away from the idea that black people were inferior to whites.
Why did Biko leave NUSAS?
He did not like that it was run by white liberals, and he wanted to promote self-reliance amongst black students.
Explain why the March on 16 June was organised.
To protest the introduction of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction in black schools, and to protest the unfair treatments of students under Bantu Education.
When were the Durban Strikes organised?
1973
What was the Zanempilo health centre, and when was it established?
In 1975, Zanempilo was one of the first and most advanced community health centers run without government funding.
What was the name of Biko's newsletter in which he published his ideas of BC?
Frank Talks
What consequences did Biko face whilst at University?
He was expelled and banned from public speaking.
What was the significance of the Viva Frelimo rallies?
If white settler-colonisation could be defeated in Mozambique, then the apartheid government could be defeated in SA.
Why did BC and BAWU appeal to black workers?
Black Trade unions were illegal, and black workers had no way to express their grievances over wages and ill-treatement at work, so BAWU allowed thousands of black workers to combat these ill-conditions in massive strike action.
What was the Ginsberg Education Fund?
Founded by Biko to offer scholarships to black students, esoecially those wanting to study in free countries. It acted as a "plough-back" to the community.
Name one newspaper that allowed BCM to spread.
The World or Thrust.
What do the following stand for: BCM, BPC, SASM, NUSAS
Black Consciousness Movement (BCM), Black People's Convention (BPC), South African Schools Movement (SASM), National Union of South African Students (NUSAS).
Account for the creation of the BPA.
The Black Parents Association was created after intesne clshes between students and police started - the parents intervened on behalf of learners.
Identify one success of BAWU and the Durban Strikes
Black Trade Unions were legalised in 1979.
What was the Black Review?
An annual publication documenting political trends and community initiatives, which aimed to correct the portrayal of Black people as passive.
What BCM term replaced the apartheid race category of "non-white" and "Bantu", and why was this significant?
Black replaced the term "non-white" and this was important as it demonstrated that black people have a strong culture and identity that is not dictated by the absence of being white. It promoted pride in black identity.