A
Name two laws passed due to the Civil Rights Movement.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Act of 1965.
Why did some black Americans become disillusioned with the CRM?
They were too passive, and there was a slow pace of change.
What philosophy emerged to replace the CRM?
Black Power Philosophy.
Who created the Black Panthers?
Huey Newton and Bobby Searle
What percentage of black people lived below the poverty line during the 1960s?
40%
What is the Black Power Philosophy?
This philosophy advocated self reliance and self-determination. It urged black people to take pride in their blackness.
Who famously said that power must be earned by 'any means necessary'?
Malcolm X
The notion that black people needed to be self-reliant and keep their distance from the white community. All changes had to come from within the black community.
When was Malcolm X assassinated?
1965
Name one riot that broke out as a result of continued police brutality.
The Watts Riot
How many guardsmen were called in to end the Watts Riot?
20 000
What is the SNCC?
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
Which figure from Black Power left the SNCC?
Stokely Carmichael
What slogan did Carmichael popularise?
Black is Beautiful
What role did Carmichael play in promoting black beauty?
He encouraged people to wear their natural afros, and African clothing.
Why did the Black Panthers emerge in the 1960s?
Initially, to combat police brutality.
When was the BLACK PANTHER PARTY established?
1966
What programme did the BPP establish?
10-Point Programme.
Name three services offered by the BPP.
Free breakfasts, free clinic services, free tutoring, and free childcare
How did followers of Black Power view non-violence?
It rejected non-violence and promoted self-defence and black nationalism.
Which US president wanted to take down the BPP?
Richard Nixon
How did the FBI and government contribute to the decline of the Black Power Movement?
The FBI used informants and agents, leading to arrests and deaths of leaders.
Discuss whether the goals of the Black Power Movement were fully achieved.
Some goals were met (representation, pride), but many social issues persisted. Movement was suppressed, but legacy remained.
Name two positive outcomes of the BPM.
Racial violence and tension declined, African Americans were elected to public offices, Housing and facilities of African Americans were improved, Black literacy rates improved, and Affirmative action policies for federal employment were put in place.
WILD CARD QUESTION
Where did Stokely Carmichael live and what did he change his name to?
Kwame Ture moved to Guinea.