a structure that refines and changes the focus of the light rays passing through the eye
What is lens
100
a condition characterized by problems in peripheral vision, or a narrowing of the field of vision
What is tunnel vision
100
a system in which raised dots allow people who are blind to read with their fingertips, each quadrangular cell contains from one to six dots, the arrangement of which denotes different letters and symbols
What is braille
100
braille symbols used for most writing situations
What is literary braille
100
the ability to have a sense of where one is in relation to other people, objects, and landmarks and to move through the environment
What is orientation and mobility
200
the back portion of the eye, containing nerve fibers connected to the optic nerve
What is retina
200
a condition resulting in underdeveloping of the optic nerve; often accompanied by brain abnormalities, which can result in other problems (speech and/or cognitive disabilities); one of the most common causes of childhood blindness
What is optic nerve hyoplasia
200
a free service available through the National Federation of the Blind, allows individuals to access magazines and newspapers 24 hours a day from any touch-tone telephone
What is NFB- Newsline
200
a combination of literary braille and braille codes for technical fields, such as the nemeth code for science and math; not yet widely adopted
What is unified english braille
200
a skill possessed by some people who are blind, whereby they can detect the presence of obstacles in their environments; research has shown that it is not an indication of an extra sense, as popularly thought; it is the result of learning to detect subtle changes in the pitches of high-frequency echoes
What is obstacle sense
300
a transparent cover in front of the iris and pupil in the eye; responsible for most of the refraction of light rays in focusing on an object
What is cornea
300
a condition resulting from administration of an excessive concentration of oxygen at birth; causes scar tissue to form behind the lens of the eye
What is Retinopathy of Prematurity
300
used in determining visual acuity; consists of rows of letters or Es arranged at different positions; each row corresponds to the distance at which a normalls sighted person can discriminate the letters; do not predict how accurately a child will be able to read print
What is snellen chart
300
braille symbols used for mathematics and science
What is nemeth code
300
A person who has visual acuity of of 20/200 or less in the better eye even with correction or has a field of vision so narrow that its widest diameter subtends an angular distance no greater than 20 degrees
What is legally blind
400
the nerve at the back of the eye, which sends visual information back to the brain
What optic nerve
400
a hereditary condition resulting in degeneration of the retina; causes a narrowing of the field of vision and affects night vision
What is retinitis pigmentosa
400
a system that makes it possible to write in braille; has six keys, one for each of the six dots of the cell, which leave an embossed print on the paper
What is Perkins Brailler
400
legislation passes in several states to make braille more available to students with visual impairments; specific provisions vary from state to state, but major advocates have lobbied for making braille available if parents want it, and ensuring that teachers of students with visual impairments are proficient in braille
What is braille bills
400
devices for people who are blind to let them know when the “walk” signal is on at intersections; can be auditory, tactile, or both
What is Accessible Pedestrian Signals
500
a watery substance between the cornea and lens of the eye
What is aqueous humor
500
a condition in which there are rapid involuntary movements of the eyes; sometimes indicated a brain malfunction and/or inner-ear problems
What is Nystagmus
500
a computerized device that converts print into speech for persons with visual impairments; the user places the printed material over a scanner that then reads the material aloud by means of an electronic device
What is Kurzweil 1000
500
an embossed representation of the environment that people who are blind can use to orient themselves to their surroundings
What is tactile maps
500
a nonsequential way of conceptualizing the spatial environment that allows a person who is visually impaired to know where several points in the environment are simultaneously; allows for better mobility then does a strictly sequential conceptualization of the environment