Pharmacology
Which routes of drug administration have large first-pass effects?
Oral
I.P.
What cytoskeletal element do hemidesmosomes attach to?
Keratin
Intermediate Filaments
When does centrosome duplication BEGIN and END?
Begins in S-Phase
Ends in G2
Name the two main secondary structures of proteins.
Alpha-Helix
Beta-Sheet
What is the size range of a helminth?
(Bonus: Name a disease caused by helminths)
3mm - 10m
Filariasis or Trichinosis
Name 2 drug characteristics that influence rate of drug movement.
Drug Charge
Drug Size
Describe the composition of a hemichannel in a gap junction.
Six connexins put together to make one hexameric connexon
How does the cell break down the nuclear envelope?
(Bonus: what phase does this denote?)
Phosphorylation of lamins in the envelope
Prometaphase
Positive entropy due to freeing _______ drives protein folding.
(Bonus: extra points for naming this phenomenon)
Water
Hydrophobic Effect
How many CAG repeats are considered to be a definitive positive diagnosis for Huntington's Disease?
Over 40 repeats
TD50 refers to what property of a drug?
Median dose of drug at which a particular toxic or adverse effect occurs.
What is the arrangement of microtubules in a basal body?
9 triplets, no central pair
What is the name for pairing an alkyne with an azide in the presence of copper to label DNA undergoing replication?
Click Chemistry
Where would the side chains of these three following amino acids most likely be located in a globular protein?
Proline, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine
These side chains would be in the interior of the protein, as they are hydrophobic.
Which prevention strategy category would the following scenario fit under?
Advising against knee replacement surgery in a patient with limited life expectancy due to other co-morbidities
Quaternary
If a patient has chronic renal disease, and their creatinine is 2mg/dL, what dosage adjustment should be made for proper administration?
Half the dosage
Name the three peripheral membrane proteins associated with desmosomes.
Desmoplakin
Plakoglobin
Plakophilin
What is the function of astral microtubules during the process of mitosis?
Anchor the centrosome
Name the chaperone protein that assists in the transport of molecules into the peroxisome.
PEX5
What disease is characterized by antinuclear antibodies?
Systematic Lupus Erythematosus
What Phase 2 Isozyme is responsible for the metabolization of a large percentage of drugs on the market today?
Cytochrome P450 3A4
What is the purpose of basolateral infoldings and outfoldings?
Increase cell surface area
What occurs at the restriction (R) point in G1 of interphase?
Cells decide to move forward to S-Phase, remain in G1, or got to G0.
Also, switch from non-cell autonomous to cell autonomous - no longer accepts signals from outside the cell.
To what organelle does the membrane associated protein clathrin direct the secretory vesicles that bud off the trans side of the Golgi apparatus?
Lysosome
also endosomes...
Which lymph nodes feed the apical axillary lymph node?
The central lymph nodes.