Theories Pt. 1
Society puts pressure on individuals to achieve the socially accepted goals though they lack the means
Strain Theory
Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication.
Social Learning Theory
Who defined the Social Disorganization Theory?
Clifford Shaw & Henry Mckay
Robert Park & Ernest Burgess defined which theory?
Concentric Zone Theory
Classifying people into types according to their body build.
Somatotyping
Crime is socially constructed, agents of social control label the powerless as deviant and criminal based on stereotypical assumptions and this creates effects such as the self-fulfilling prophecy, the criminal career and deviancy amplification.
Labeling Theory
What were Ernest Burgess' and Robert Park's findings in their theory?
People living in the closer rings were more likely to be poorer and commit deviance and crimes because the population is larger.
Who defined the Social Learning Theory/Differential Association Theory?
Edwin Sutherland
Developed by Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria during the 18th century
Classical School of Criminology
It emphasizes that people make a rational decision to commit a crime
Classical School of Criminology
Socialization and the forming of personal relationships are among the most significant aspects of human development that keep us from committing crimes or other acts of social deviance.
Social Bond Theory
Crime in any society is caused by class conflict and the laws and norms protect the interests of powerful members of society.
Conflict Theory
Who defined Strain Theory?
Robert Merton
Lower-class youth, whose legitimate opportunities are limited, join gangs and pursue criminal careers as alternative means to achieve universal success goals.
Differential Opportunity
Durkheim defines it as instability present in both individuals and in society, resulting from a breakdown and lack of purpose or ideals.
Anomie
This theory states a person's physical and social environments are primarily responsible for the behavioral choices that a person makes
Social Disorganization Theory
What are the pushes and pulls in Containment Theory?
Pushes are elements that pressure individuals to engage in delinquency while pulls draw individuals away from accepted forms of behavior.
Walter Reckless defined which theory?
Containment Theory
What are the 4 basic elements of Social Bond Theory?
attachment to families, commitment to social norms and institutions, involvement in conventional versus deviant or criminal activities, and the common value system in an individual's society or subgroup.
Human beings are able to pass on techniques and skills without need for detailed, verbal instruction.
The Laws of Imitation
Offenders engage in crime because they adhere to an oppositional subculture rule set that values law breaking and violence
Neutralization Theory
An important quality of Differential Association Theory is?
Frequency and intensity of interaction
The Social bond Theory was defined by who?
Travis Hirschi
Which theory states that location matters when it comes to predicting illegal activity.
Social Disorganization theory
What were the different zones in Ernest Burgess and Robert Park's Concentric Zone Theory?