Risk Procedure
This Group is considered to have NO or LOW individual and community risk
Risk Group 1
What are biological substances that pose a threat to organisms?
Biohazards
Most Viral transport medium consists of two added components.
Buffered salt solution
Added Proteins
What is the term used for the most accurate test for the present conditions
Gold standard
Antibodies are tagged with what?
Enzymes
This is the process in which a secondary antibody labeled with a fluorescent marker binds to a primary antigen
Indirect FAT
What is a POC test?
Point of Care test
Indicates a positive test result in an Agar Gel Immunodiffusion test
White precipitate line of antigen-antibody complex
What is PCR?
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Which step of PCR involves heating of the DNA or separating it into two separate strands?
Denaturation
This Signifies a Positive Microarray reaction
Fluorescent signal
What group has HIGH individual risk but LOW community risk?
Risk group 3
What is the term that defines the protection, control and accountability of biological materials in a lab?
Biosecurity
These are the 2 most common methods of viral cultivation
Cell/tissue culture
Egg inoculation
This is the percentage of cases with infection with a POSITIVE result
Sensitivity
Which test have antigens immobilized and uses enzyme-linked primary antibodies?
Direct ELISA
Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test
What are the 3 pro's of Immunochromatography tests?
Simple
Easy
No special equipment
Indicates a positive test result in a Complement fixation test
No lysis of RBC
Amplification of viral genome
Defined as the study of the collective set of microbial populations. Used for detecting existing and new pathogens
Metagenomics
Microarrays are spotted on to?
Glass or Silicon Chip
What is the BSL level for a group of moderate individual and low community risk
BioSaftey Level 2
What procedures avoid accidental exposure or release?
Biosafety
This electron microscope provides a 3D model of the virus
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Specificity gauges what percentage with a negative result?
Cases without infection
these are the 2 components of an Indirect ELISA
Primary antibody
Enzyme conjugated secondary antibody
What fluorescent dye is attached to antibodies in a FAT test?
Fluorescein
In a POC test what is included with the sample?
Colloidal gold labeled antibodies
Research
What country tried to conquer Costa Rica?
United States (Confederate Tennessee)
The advantages of Next Generation Sequencing
Cheap
Quick
Less DNA needed
More accurate than Sanger sequencing
Which step is characterized by the action of Taq polymerase adding free nucleotides to the primers creating a complementary strand?
Extension or Elongation
What would be the BSL of Covid19?
BSL 3 or BSL 4
During the first __________ after onset is the best time to Isolate a virus
3 Days
There are 2 advantages of a Transmission Electron microscope.
Higher magnification
Greater resolution
Red-top Vacutainer tube
A weak signal indicates what result from a competitive ELISA?
Positive Result
What changes color in an immunohistochemistry test?
The Reaction Product of an enzyme and substrate
What is used as a binding agent for an Agglutination test?
Latex beads
In a complement fixation test, what sample does the patient provide?
Antibodies
Which step of PCR is characterized by the attaching of two primers to DNA?
Annealing
This PCR allows the monitoring of increased products/nucleic acid as the reaction progresses which is useful to study Viral Load in a patient
Real-Time PCR
What copies each strand of DNA in a PCR?
Taq Polymerase
What system does a BSL 4 lab have for sterilization
Double Door Autoclaving system
During what 2 phases should blood samples be obtained for Serological tests?
Acute phase and Convalescence phase
SEM microscope uses an electron method that is based on.
Scattering electrons
This is the result of blood with an added anticoagulant
Plasma
In a Sandwich, ELISA two antibodies are used to sandwich the antigen. Which antibody must be critically chosen to prevent cross-reactivity or competition?
The enzyme-linked antibody
(Both)
In a POC test is the control line the first or second line to encounter the sample?
2nd line
Hemagglutination inhibition will only occur with the binding of what 2 components?
Virus and Antibody
In a Negative Test result of Complement fixation tests, what causes the RBC to lysis?
Complement proteins
This test allows hundreds of pathogens to be screen simultaneously
Microarray
A practice used to monitor and study the evolution of viruses and their genetic relationship
Phylogenetic Analysis
What is Pedro's Middle Name?
Josue