Cultural Spheres & Trade
This type of trading city served as a commercial hub linking multiple regions of Afro-Eurasia.
Entrepôt
Ottoman elite infantry forces recruited through the devshirme system.
Janissaries
Economic theory arguing national wealth depended on accumulating resources and maintaining favorable trade balances.
Mercantilism
Chinese admiral who led massive maritime expeditions during the Ming Dynasty.
Zheng He
Christian military campaigns launched to reclaim the Holy Land.
The Crusades
Which Chinese government system selected officials through examinations rather than hereditary status?
Civil service examination system
What was the fundamental religion of the Safavid Empire?
Shiite
Name of an organization, such as the Dutch East India Company, that combined private investment with state backing.
Joint-stock company
Spanish conquerors who defeated the Aztec and Inca Empires.
Conquistadors
Religious movement begun by Martin Luther that challenged the Catholic Church.
Protestant Reformation
What was the name of the first paper money created by the Song dynasty which contributed to thier economic boom in the 10th century?
Flying cash
A system in which local lords and knights dominated society and controlled the peasantry through political and military power.
Feudalism
Worldwide biological exchange following contact between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia.
Columbian Exchange
Labor system that granted colonists access to Indigenous labor in Spanish America.
Encomienda system
Who were the Islamic jurists who stressed tradition and religious law?
Ulama
This system was introduced to India by the Turks in the 12th century that would go on to evolve into the modern day caste system.
Varna system
What is the name of the system of trade and exchange that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. In this triangular network, Africa supplied labor, the Americas provided land and raw materials, and Europe contributed technology, manufactured goods, and military power.
Atlantic System
Labor system that became central to Atlantic plantation economies.
Chattel slavery
The name of the indigenous allies who helped Hernán Cortés defeat the Aztecs
Tlaxcalans
Intellectual movement emphasizing classical learning and human potential.
Renaissance / Humanism
Name the four major cultural spheres emphasized throughout Block I.
The Islamic World, India, China, and Christian Europe
Three major Islamic empires that dominated much of Eurasia during the early modern period.
Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires
Name two major consequences of the Black Death.
Labor shortages, population decline, political instability, peasant unrest, or religious/social change
What was the main goal of mapping in China?
Placing the realm of the Chinese emperor, as the ruler of “All under Heaven” at the center, surrounded by foreign countries
Why did rulers often sponsor monumental architecture such as the Taj Mahal, Forbidden City, or Isfahan's Great Plaza?
Demonstrate legitimacy, authority, wealth, and cultural prestige