Feline
What viruses are apart of the respiratory disease complex?
Feline Herpesvirus and Feline calcivirus
Name at least Two differentials for canine neurologic symptoms. (If you name the obvious one you need to name 3 :)
1. Cryptococcus
2. Clostridium tetani
3. Rabies
4. Distemper
5. pseudorabies
What type of virus is Classic Swine fever?
Flaviridaee--- enveloped, positive ssRNA virus
What category of viruses does Winter dysentery fall under?
Coronavirus. Disease of adult cattle that spreads in winter due. (Bloody Diarrhea)
What are two differentiala for equine abortion?( what are their properties)
EAV and EHV-1
What species does Bordetella Avium usually effect?
turkeys (
A cat presents to you with an acute URD. It is estimated to be about 2-6 months old and showing signs of mild oculonasal dishcarge, ulcerative glossitis, fever. What is your top differential?
Feline Calcivirus
What is Canine Innfluenza derived from?
H3N8 equine influenza
Which bacterial infection in young pigs causes a sever pneumonia, with tixins killing cells and inducing inflammation? How would you control this pathogen?
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Herd isolation, reduce stress, vaccines
How is Bovine Papilloma virus spread?
fomites (milking equipment, halters, grooming equipment), sexual contact. Reactivation due to injury or immunosuppression
How does salmonella avoid killing?
by antimicrobial peptides (defensins)
What are two differentials for avian respiratory disease?
1. viral: Infectious brinchitis, New castle disease, avian influenza, Infectious laryngotrachietis
2. bacterial: Avibacterium paragallinarrum, bordetella avium, aspergillus fumigatus, chlamydia pistacci, mycoplasm gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis, mycoplasma iowae, mycoplasma sybnviae, APEC
When would you use baytril for a cat? What is the mechanism of action?
Baytril is a fluoroquinolone that inhibits topoisomerase II and Iv, preventing DNA supercoiling. It is bactericidal. Used for only most suceptoble infections
Name some general properties of Papilloma viruses? (2 out of 5)
1. Biological features: mechanisms of tumor induction, ability to cuase persistent ifnection
2. Virions are very stable in environment and resist common disinfectatnts, low pH, and high temperatures
3. Uniquitous and species specific
4. Most infectious asynmptomatic
5. Papilom LESIONS restricted to skin and mucosal surfaces.
What are 3 viral and bacterial differentials for porcine pneumonia?
1. Viral:
- Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrom, swine influenza, Porcine coronavirus, Pseudorabies,classic swine fever, Foot and Mouth disease.
2. Bacterial: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, mycoplasma hypopneumniae
What viruses are apart of the Bovine respiratory disease complex?
BHV-1. BRSV. BVDV. Bovine adenovirus
Which species causes strangles and what are the symptoms?
stREPTOCOCCUS EQUI EQUI. Fever, depression, inappetance, nasal discharge that rapidly becomes purulent. severe pharyngitis making it difficult to swallow.
NDV clinical signs
1. conjunctivitis with perioribital swelling
2. Hemorrhages in trachea
3. torticollis
4. Crop dilation, yellow diarrhea,
5. dyspnea, cyanosis of combs, wattles head swelling
6. ataxia, head tilt, circling, clonic spasma
How is Streptococcus Canis Transmitted? What clinical disease does it cause?
Transmitted via direct contact, inhalation, and bite wounds. can cause secondary pneumonia and streptococcal toxic like shock
A Dog presents to you with a deep puncture wound, spastic paralysis, and prolaspe of the 3rd eye. What pathogen/ disease might this animal be presenting with? What are the pathogenic mechanisms of this pathogen?
This animal is infected with Clostridium Tetani, a gram positive spore forming bacillus obligate anaerobe. The spores inoculated into deep wounds germinated in anaerobic conditions ----> produce membrane damaging toxins(tetanolysis) -----> modify intracellular trafficking----> toxin transported within motor neurons to CNS----> endopeptidase- inactivate proteins required for neuroexocytosis----> blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitters from inhibitory neuorns in the spinal cord---> loss of inhibitiory signals to skeletal muscle leads to spastic paralysis
What are the pathigenic mechanisms of Mycoplasma Hypopneumoniae?
1. Adhere to ciliated respiratory epithelium via surface adhesins. stays ahead of immune system
2. induces ciliostasis and ciliary damage. Apoptosis and production of H2O2
3. Antigenic variation, biofilm, formation, apoptosis of lymphocytes contribute to persistance.
What are the pathogennic mechanisms of ETEC?
Ingegested bacteria adhere to intestinal epithelium---> adhere via species specific pilli---> recpetors for pilli transiently expressed--->adherent bacteria produce enterotoxins that modify cell signaling
What are the steps of EHV-1 causing abortion?
1. Upon entry EHV-1 replicates in epithlial cells lining URT
2. viral spread within respiratory epithelium and viral shedding
3. EHV-1 crosses basment membrane and penetrates lamina propria
4. EHV1 reaches blood circulation and draining lymph nodes
4. enters nerve endings of peripheral NS and spreads to trigeminal ganglia
5. replication in draining LN and establishment of a cell associated viremia in peripheral blood cells
6. establishment of EHV-1 latency in TG neurons and respiratory lymphoid tissues
7. via cell associated viremia EHV1 is transported to target organs: Uterus/ CNS/ eye where it iniitiates secondary replication in endothelial cells lininh the blood vessels.
LOOK AT SAMS (or anyones notes)
Give 3 differentials for Feline Respiratory disease. At least one has to be a bacteria. Described the characteristics of your differentials.
1) Viruses
-Feline Calcivirus: Single stranded positive sense nonenveloped, icosahedral, small virus
-Feline Herpesvirus: Large DsDNA, tegument, capsid, enveloped
-Feline Pneumovirus: Paramyxoviridae (negative stranded RNA viruses, enveloped, pleomorphic)
- Feline Influenza: Orthomyxoviridae ( Influenza A, Segmented, negative sense, ssRNA)
2) Bacterial
- Bordetella Bronchiseptica (gram negative coccobacillus, obligate aerobe)
- streptococcus equi spp zooepidemicus (Gram positive coccus, falcultative Anaerobe)
- Streptococcus canis (Gram positive coccus, falcultative Anaerobe)
- Mycoplasma felis (Gram negative pleomorphic falculatative anaerobe)
-Mycoplasma Gatae (Gram negative pleomorphic falculative anaerobe)
- Cryptococcus neoformans ( yeast, obligate aerobe, buds come off mother cell)
Abraham Lincoln comes in with his 2 month old puppy "Big Papi". He mentions that Papi has been acting strange and has come down with a fever, some depression, diarrhea, red pinpoint spots on his gums, and he appears to have "blue eyes". Abe tells you that Big Papi is a social butterfly and has been around many different animals. What is your top differential for Abe? What will you tell him when he askes you how the dog got this pathogen? (pathogenesis)
This dog has an Canine Adenovirus 1. This could have happened through ingestion of slavia, feces or urine from an infected animal---> initial virus replication in tonsilar crypt and peyer's patch ----> viremia---> replication in endothelial and parenchymal cells of many different organs--> widespread hemmorahges and necrosis.
Chris P. Bacon comes into your dogtors office and tells you that he feels like he has a fever, has nasal and ocular discharge, and he has had this cough that he hasnt been able to get rid of. He begs you to tell him what virus he has and what tests he will need to do to diagnose it.
Porcine influennza. PCR, ELIZA, viral isolation, HAI, or paired sera.
A two year old hiefer presents to you with oral ulcers and diarrhea. What is your top differential?
BVDV
Give 5 differentials for Equine Diarrhea. Describe them.
1. viral
- Rotavirus: reoviridae nonenvelopes, double stranded, RNNA, positive sens
- Coronavirus: positive sense singke stranded enveloped RNA virus
2. Bacterial
- C. difficile: Gram positive obligate anaerobe
- Neorickettsia Risticii: stains gram negative but not actuallu GN, coccus, obligate aerobes
- Salmonella enterica: Gram negative, falcutative anaerobe, chains of bacilli
- C. piliforme: Stains gram positive, appears gram viable, bacillus, obligate anaerobe, spore forming
-lawsonia intraceullaris: obligate intraceullar gram negatuve bacilli microaerophiles
Beyonce brings her chicken into ur office and explains that hes been sick. The chicken suddenly drops dead. You necropsy it. Results as follows: Catarrhal exudates in air sac, nasal passages,trachea, and bronchi. BEFORE, the young chicken died, he was gasping, coughing, had nasal exudates, and refused to eat. What virus would you tell Queen B caused this?
Infectious bronchitis virus