Blood

True/False

100

Blood pH is very slightly acidic.

False

7.35-7.45

200

Monocytes become macrophages when they enter into blood vessels.

True

300

An embolus is a clot that remains lodged in a blood vessel.

False

Embolus travels in bloodstream

Thrombus is stationary

400

Someone with blood type A has anti-A antibodies.

False

They have anti-B antibodies

500

Globulins are the primary proteins responsible for colloid osmotic pressure. 

False

Albumins

Globulins are lipid carrier proteins.

Hemostasis

100

The vasoconstriction of a blood vessel due to blood vessel damage 

Vascular Spasm

200

When the wall of a blood vessel is damaged, platelets stick to _________ with the help of von Willebrand factors. 

collagen fibers

300

During the coagulation phase, _______ converts fibrinogen to fibrin strands that reinforce the platelet plug and form a clot. 

thrombin

400

When platelets stick to collagen fibers, they release chemicals that cause (list 2 things).

prolong vascular spasms

attract other platelets

stimulate coagulation

stimulate replication of blood vessel wall cells

500

List 2 anticoagulants.

NO, prostacyclin, Vitamin E quinine 

Hematopoiesis

100

Erythrocytes form in the _________ under the influence of _______ hormone. 

red bone marrow, EPO

200

What is thrombopoiesis? 

Process of creating megakaryocytes that then form proplatelets and then platelets. 

Uses thrombopoietin.

300

List the 3 types of granulocytes and their functions.

Neutrophils: phagocytize pathogens

Eosinophils: destroy parasitic worms

Basophils: release histamine and heparin (inflammatory chemicals)

400

Name 3 features of an erythrocyte that allow it to carry oxygen well

>250 million molecules of Hb

Biconcave disc (large surface area)

No mitochondria (can't use up O2)

500

List and describe the function of the 3 types of lymphocytes. 

B-lymphocytes: produce antibodies

T-lymphocytes: manage immune response

Natural killer cells: attack abnormal or infected cells

Erythrocyte Destruction

100

List the 3 parts of Hb molecule. 

Heme molecule

4 globulin proteins

4 irons at the center of each heme

200

Where do macrophages engulf aged RBCs?

(list 2 organs)

Liver, spleen

300

What is heme converted into?

Bile

Used for fat digestion in SI and then eliminated in urine or feces

400

Macrophages convert heme to a yellowish substance called ________.

bilirubin

500

Iron is stored in the spleen and the liver until it is taken by ________ to the red bone marrow.

Transferrin

Blood Types

100

Antigens project from the cell's ________. 

membrane

200

Blood types are named for their (antigens or antibodies)

antigens

300

What type of blood always has no antibodies?

AB+

400

List all the blood types type A- blood can donate to.

A+, A-, AB+, AB-

500

What is hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Occurs in a second pregnancy. 

After the mom was exposed to first child's Rh+ blood, she developed anti-D antibodies. If her second child is Rh+, her antibodies can cross over the placenta and destroy fetal erythrocytes.