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Immunology
Immunology
Immunology
Immunology
Genetics
100
What are some characterisitics of IgM?
Largest, preodominant Ig during fetal development, cannot cross the placenta, confined to the blood stream, most abundant Ig in early immune response
100
What are 2 exposures that bring around a primary and secondary immune response?
Transfusion, pregnancy
100
What does MAC stand for, what cells does it affect, and what is the end result?
MAC: membrane attack complex

-Affects cells from C5b-C9

Causes cell bursting

100
What are the 3 outcomes of tagged RBCs?
Fcyr-mediated phagocytosis


Complement phagocytosis

MAC causes cell lysis


100
Define and compare phenotype from genotype
Genotype: inherited

Phenotype:expressed (what is seen)

200
During pregnancy, a Rh ___ mother's antibodies has the potential to cross the placenta to her Rh ___ baby
Negative mom, Positive baby
200
What are some characteristics of IgA?
Most dominant Ig in secretions, undetectable with DAT
200
What is the function of the Complement system? What is the important of it in the blood bank?
To lyse antibody coated cells, Mediate phagocytosis, Regulate immune response/inflammation

-Importance: Causes hemolysis

200
What blood type expresses genetic codominance?
AB
200
How many units need to be screened? 

Anti-K, anti-S, and anti-Jka needs 4 units

-K negative: 91%

-S negative:48%

-Jka positive: 77%

100-77=23%


.91x.48x.23=.10046

4/.10046= 39.8 so 40 units

300
What are the 5 classes of immunoglobulins?
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD
300
Between Fab domain and Fc domain, which activates effector mechanisms? Which does not activate effector mechansims?
Fab: Does not

Fc: Does

300
What are the 4 phases of the immune response?
1) Lag


2)Log

3)Plateau

4)Decline

300
What is intravascular hemolysis and what typically causes it?
Cell destruction by MAC 

-Typically caused by IgM red cell antibodies

300
What is population genetics?
The study of distribution patterns of genes and the factors that maintain/change gene frequencies
400
What are some characteristics of IgD?
Boung to B-cells, function unknown
400
Primary immune response: Low or high titer?

Secondary immune response? Low or high titer?


Primary: low

Secondary: high

400
What is opsonization?
Method binds C3, converting it to C3b, which causes it to be recongized by phagocytes


Certain part is decorated by complement components labeling it for destruction


400
What is extravascular hemolysis and what typically causes it?
RBs are consummed by phagocytes (complement)

IgG red cell antibodies cause this

400
How does linkage disequilibrium occur?
occurs when linked loci inherited together at a greater frequency than would be expected by chance
500
What are some characteristics of IgE?
Lowest concentration in serum, bound to mast cells/basophils, induce histamine release when there is allergies
500
What are some characterisitics of IgG?
Most abundant in the serum, lightest, can cross the placenta, major antibody of the secondary immune response
500
Which immune response (primary/secondary) are the memory cells generated?
Primary
500
What does meiosis create?
Gametes
500
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium equation measure?

Shows the allele and genotype frequencies