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Blood Compatibility
Pre-transfusion
During Infusion
Reactions
100
Which blood type is considered the universal donor
Type O-
100
What is the minimum size IV a blood transfusion can be preformed with?
20 ga, ideal 18 ga. Bigger the better!
100
What should the nurse do if there is no reaction during the first 15 minutes of infusion?
Increase rate in about 2 hours
100
What symptoms may be reported immediately if a patient is having a reaction to a blood transfusion?
Chills, SOB, itching, back pain
200
If a patient has AB+ blood type and require a transfusion, which blood types may they receive from?
AB+, AB-, A+, A-, B+, B-, O+,O- (Universal Recipient)
200
What isotonic solution should the tubing be primed with prior to blood infusion?
Normal saline, NO D5/LR!!!!
200
What is the maximum amount of time blood can infuse into a patient and WHY?
4 hours! Essential to decrease risk for bacterial proliferation
200
A patient has a temperature of 101.9, headache, muscle pain, and flushing of the skin. You notice the patient is shivering. What is the next best nursing response?
Administer antipyretic, restart if HCP orders Febrile Non-hemolytic reaction. Other symptoms include anxiety and vomiting
300
Can a patient with A+ blood donate to A- blood?
NO!!!!! Rh antigen.
300
What kind of tubing is used for a blood transfusion?
Y-tubing. NS should run KVO: 30mL/hr
300
What actions can a nurse take to prevent a Febrile Non-hemolytic reaction from occurring?
Consider leukocyte-reduced products. Give Tylenol prophalactically
400
Which blood type can only receive blood from the exact same blood type?
O-
400
How long do you have before the blood NEEDS to be transfusing into the patient?
30 minutes (once obtained blood from blood bank)
400
The nurse is assessing a patient with HF during a blood transfusion and notes crackles in the bases of both lungs. What actions will the nurse take next?
STOP THE INFUSION, Call HCP, Lasex
400
A nurse suspects a patient receiving a blood transfusion is having a mild allergic reaction. He goes to check the MAR for which medications?
antihistamine, corticosteroid as ordered. S/S flushing, itching, urticaria (hives)
500
This determines compatibility between blood specimens
Cross-matching
500
How often should the nurse assess vital signs for a patient receiving a blood transfusion?
RIGHT BEFORE administration of blood 15 minutes into the blood transfusion (once NS is done entering) Every hour during the infusion AT END OF INFUSION
500
What are some counter indications of increasing the infusion rate of blood?
If patient has HF, Renal Failure- at risk for FVE
500
QUICK! A patient is experiencing pulmonary congestion, increased VS, headache, and dyspnea. What actions must the nurse take?
Slow or stop the infusion Place in upright position with feet below the heart Administer diuretics, O2, morphine (ease workload) CXR STAT (Circulatory Overload- S/S also cough, distended neck veins)